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1748 訂 TEI correct, revise L1 9 strokes TEISEIcorrection KAITEIrevision KAITEIBANrevised edition Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 118 ‘words; speak’, and 367 (‘block; exact’) as phonetic with associated sense taken as i] ‘level, just’, giving ‘fair words’ (Katō), or ii] ‘bring together as one, consolidate’, giving ‘consolidate words’ (Tōdō), or iii] ‘inquire’, giving ‘plan fairly’ and by extension ‘correct’ (Ogawa). KJ1970:715; TA1965:470-74; OT1968:920. Mnemonic: USE EXACT WORDS WHEN REVISING AND CORRECTING 1749 逓 TEI relay, in sequence L1 10 strokes TEISŌforwarding TEISHINcommunications TEIJIin sequence Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional . Has 85 ’go, walk’, and (‘[mythical] tigerlike beast with horn’ [Shuowen]; Shirakawa, though, says ‘skin a tiger’) as phonetic with as- sociated sense ‘take the place of’, giving ‘go in turns’. By extension, ‘send in turns, walk/send and change at post station’; sense then generalized to ‘relay, in sequence’. OT1968:1001; KJ1970:712; ZY2009:v3:1130; SS1984:617. Difficult mnemonically, but we suggest taking right side as ‘cliff’, as ‘ten’ 35, and ‘city’ 144. Mnemonic: CLIFF MOVES! NEED TO RELAY NEWS TO TEN CITIES (IN SEQUENCE) 1750 偵 TEI Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 spy, inquire, ‘person’, and 1746 (original meaning L1 investigate ‘inquire’, as here, though modern meaning 11 strokes is ‘chaste, virtue’) as semantic and phonetic, giving ‘person who inquires/looks into something’, and hence ‘investigate’. OT1968:75; SS1984:617. TANTEIdetective, detection NAITEIsecret inquiry TEISATSUreconnaisance Mnemonic: SPY ON PERSON’S CHASTITY AS PART OF INVESTIGATION 1751 堤 TEI, tsutsumi embankment L1 12 strokes BŌHATEIbreakwater TEIBŌlevee, dike TOTTEIpier, jetty Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 64 ‘earth, ground’, and 1574 (‘proper; this’) as phonetic with associated sense taken as i] ‘stop’, giving ‘piled-up earth to stop (water)’, (Ogawa, Shirakawa), or ii] ‘extend thinly in even manner’, giving ‘earth which extends thinly in even manner’ (Tōdō), either way giving ‘embankment’. DJ2009:v3:1117; OT1968:220; SS1984:618; TA1965:455-60. Mnemonic: USE EARTH PROPERLY TO BUILD EMBANKMENT The Remaining 1130 Characters 521

1752 艇 TEI boat L1 13 strokes TEIKOboathouse KANTEInaval vessel KYŪMEITEIlifeboat Seal ; a late graph (late version of Shuowen). Has 1450 ‘boat’, and 1742 (‘court’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘small’, giving ‘small boat’. Semantic range in modern Japanese usage covers both ‘boat’ and ‘ship’, i.e. the connotation ‘small’ has been lost. KJ1970:710; GY2008:1464-5. Mnemonic: COURT HAS ITS OWN BOAT 1753 L1 締 15 TEI, shimeru/maru bind, tighten, close, shut strokes TEIYAKUtreaty shimekirideadline shimedashishut out, lock out 1754 L1 諦 16 TEI, akirame/meru resign oneself, abandon, clarify strokes TEIKANresigning oneself akirameabandonment (no further compounds) Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 118 ‘words; speak’, and 1747 (‘emperor’) as phonetic with associated sense taken as ‘look into, go into detail’, giving ‘make clear, clarify’ (Ogawa, Shirakawa) (Tōdō says ‘bring togeth- Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 29 ‘thread’, and 1747 (‘emperor’) as phonetic with associated sense taken as i] ‘bind’ (Katō, Shirakawa), or ii] ‘become fixed’ (Ogawa), or iii] ‘bring together at one point’ (Tōdō), all giving ‘bind with thread’ as the overall meaning’; sense then generalized to ‘bind, tighten’, and again to include ‘shut’. KJ1970:712; SS1984:620; OT1968:786; TA1965:470-73. Mnemonic: BIND EMPEROR WITH THREAD er’, giving ‘put together a conclusion’). The meaning ‘make clear, clarify’ for was carried over into pre-modern Japanese as akiramu; following this, was later borrowed for its sound value to represent a separate verb akiramu meaning ‘give up (the idea, etc.), resign oneself to’, leading to modern akirameru. In modern Japanese, akirameru is only used in the latter sense. OT1968:938; SS1984:620; TA1965:470-73. Mnemonic: RESIGN ONESELF AFTER HEARING EMPEROR’S WORDS 1755 泥 DEI, doro, nazumu mud, adhere L2 8 strokes DEIDOmud, mire KŌDEIadherence doroashimuddy feet Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 42 ‘water’, and 1819 (‘nun, priestess’) as phonetic. Katō treats the associated sense as unclear, on the basis that denotes a river name. This is the explanation in Shuowen, but another commentator (Ogawa) takes as phonetic with associated sense ‘be sticky’, giving ‘muddy water, mud’; this view is supported by Shirakawa, who takes the original meaning to be not a river name but ‘mud’. KJ1970:724; OT1968:567; SS1984:621. Mnemonic: NUN IN MUDDY WATER 522 The Remaining 1130 Characters

1752<br />

艇<br />

TEI<br />

boat<br />

L1<br />

13 strokes<br />

TEIKOboathouse<br />

KANTEInaval vessel<br />

KYŪMEITEIlifeboat<br />

Seal ; a late graph (late version of Shuowen).<br />

Has 1450 ‘boat’, and 1742 (‘court’) as<br />

phonetic with associated sense ‘small’, giving<br />

‘small boat’. Semantic range in modern Japanese<br />

usage covers both ‘boat’ and ‘ship’, i.e. the<br />

connotation ‘small’ has been lost. KJ1970:710;<br />

GY2008:1464-5.<br />

Mnemonic: COURT HAS ITS OWN BOAT<br />

1753<br />

L1<br />

締<br />

15<br />

TEI, shimeru/maru<br />

bind, tighten, close,<br />

shut<br />

strokes<br />

TEIYAKUtreaty<br />

shimekirideadline<br />

shimedashishut out, lock out<br />

1754<br />

L1<br />

諦<br />

16<br />

TEI, akirame/meru<br />

resign oneself,<br />

abandon, clarify<br />

strokes<br />

TEIKANresigning oneself<br />

akirameabandonment<br />

(no further compounds)<br />

Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 118<br />

‘words; speak’, and 1747 (‘emperor’) as<br />

phonetic with associated sense taken as ‘look<br />

into, go into detail’, giving ‘make clear, clarify’<br />

(Ogawa, Shirakawa) (Tōdō says ‘bring togeth-<br />

Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 29<br />

‘thread’, and 1747 (‘emperor’) as phonetic<br />

with associated sense taken as i] ‘bind’ (Katō,<br />

Shirakawa), or ii] ‘become fixed’ (Ogawa), or<br />

iii] ‘bring together at one point’ (Tōdō), all<br />

giving ‘bind with thread’ as the overall meaning’;<br />

sense then generalized to ‘bind, tighten’,<br />

and again to include ‘shut’. KJ1970:712;<br />

SS1984:620; OT1968:786; TA1965:470-73.<br />

Mnemonic: BIND EMPEROR WITH THREAD<br />

er’, giving ‘put together a conclusion’). The<br />

meaning ‘make clear, clarify’ for was carried<br />

over into pre-modern Japanese as akiramu;<br />

following this, was later borrowed for<br />

its sound value to represent a separate verb<br />

akiramu meaning ‘give up (the idea, etc.), resign<br />

oneself to’, leading to modern akirameru.<br />

In modern Japanese, akirameru is only used<br />

in the latter sense. OT1968:938; SS1984:620;<br />

TA1965:470-73.<br />

Mnemonic: RESIGN ONESELF AFTER HEARING<br />

EMPEROR’S WORDS<br />

1755<br />

泥<br />

DEI, doro, nazumu<br />

mud, adhere<br />

L2<br />

8 strokes<br />

DEIDOmud, mire<br />

KŌDEIadherence<br />

doroashimuddy feet<br />

Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 42 ‘water’,<br />

and 1819 (‘nun, priestess’) as phonetic. Katō<br />

treats the associated sense as unclear, on the<br />

basis that denotes a river name. This is the<br />

explanation in Shuowen, but another commentator<br />

(Ogawa) takes as phonetic with associated<br />

sense ‘be sticky’, giving ‘muddy water, mud’; this<br />

view is supported by Shirakawa, who takes the<br />

original meaning to be not a river name but<br />

‘mud’. KJ1970:724; OT1968:567; SS1984:621.<br />

Mnemonic: NUN IN MUDDY WATER<br />

522 The Remaining 1130 Characters

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