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1639 L1 葬 SŌ, hōmuru bury 12 strokes SŌSHIKIfuneral SŌGIYAundertaker SŌKAdirge OBI ; seal . OBI forms show some variation, but a quite common shape is vegetation on top of a coffin with a corpse inside. Other OBI forms occurring include a figure with a stand or frame inside a coffin, and sometimes the figure is omitted – probably an abbreviation. In similar fashion, seal form has 1640 僧 SŌ priest L1 13 strokes SŌINmonastery, temple KŌSŌhigh priest SŌSHOKUpriesthood Seal ; late graph (later version of Shuowen); traditional: . A graph devised upon introduction of Buddhism to China to repre- a corpse 302 on a mat (represented just as a horizontal line), with vegetation () above and below. In block script, the lower part of the graph is modified to , a determinative originally showing two hands facing upward and hence meaning ‘offer up’; this change may be based on misinterpretation of the lower element ‘vegetation’, as and are of similar shape in the seal forms. GY2008:1375; MS1995:v2:1124-5. Take as ‘death’ 302, as ‘(long) grass’, and as ‘grass’ 53. Mnemonic: DEATH FOLLOWED BY BURIAL SURROUNDED BY GRASS sent a new loanword for ‘Buddhist monk’ into Chinese from Sanskrit, based on pronunciation of first syllable of Sanskrit sangha ‘monk’. Has 41 person, and 1635 (‘formerly’) used just for its sound value. KJ1970:320; SS1984:545; OT1968:79. As with 1635, take as ‘away’ 70, 63 ‘field’, and 66 ‘day’. Mnemonic: PERSON GOING AWAY DAILY FROM FIELD IS A PRIEST 1641 遭 SŌ, au Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has ’move’ encounter, meet 85, with 1634 ‘official’ as semantic (in L1 14 strokes earlier sense ‘come together’ [Schuessler]) and phonetic, giving ‘two parties come together SŌGŪ encounter unexpectedly’, i.e. ‘encounter’. OT1968:1012; SŌNANaccident TA1965:216-18; SS1984:547; AS2007:600. SŌNANSHINGŌ SOS Mnemonic: ENCOUNTER OFFICIAL ON THE MOVE 1642 槽 SŌ tank, tub, vat L1 15 strokes SUISŌwater tank YOKUSŌbathtub SHISŌ tooth socket Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 73 ‘wood, tree’, and 1634 ‘official’. The latter element is taken by one commentator as semantic (in earlier sense ‘put together’) and phonetic, giving ‘object put together with wood’ (Gu). In Shuowen, is defined as ‘trough for animal feed’; sense later extended to other large wooden containers such as ‘barrel, vat’. Ogawa treats the element here as phonetic, though with associated sense unclear. GY2008:1786-7; SS1984:548; OT1968:523. Mnemonic: OFFICIAL HAS A WOODEN TUB The Remaining 1130 Characters 487

1643 L1 踪 15 SŌ footprint, traces, remains strokes SŌSEKIone’s whereabouts SHISSŌdisappearance SHISSŌSHA missing person A very late post-Shuowen graph. Originally written , comprising 54 ‘foot, leg’, and (traditional form of ‘follow’ 902) as semantic and phonetic, giving ‘footprints, track, remains’. Later, the phonetic element was changed to 899 ‘religion’, resulting in the new form as a popular variant. GY2008:1810; SS1984:455; OT1968:976. Mnemonic: FOOTPRINTS SHOW TRACES OF A RELIGION 1644 燥 SŌ dry, parch L2 17 strokes KANSŌdryness SHŌSŌimpatience KŌSŌCHI high dry ground Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 8 ‘fire’, and 喿 (CO ‘noisy’; see Note below) as phonetic with associated sense ‘water disappears’, giving ‘water disappears in presence of fire’, and hence ‘dry’. Note: 喿 consists of 73 ‘tree, wood’, with , here representing not ‘mouths of people’ (original sense of 405 ‘goods’), but more specifically – based on the context with ‘tree’ – as ‘mouths of birds’, giving ‘birds singing/chirping in tree’, i.e. ‘noisy’. KJ1970:435; MS1995:v1:242-3. We suggest taking as three boxes. Mnemonic: DRY THREE WOODEN BOXES BY FIRE Or: THREE MOUTHS IN A PARCHED TREE WARN OF FIRE 1645 霜 SŌ, shimo frost L1 17 strokes SŌGAIfrost damage shimoyofrosty night shimofuriNIKU marbled beef Seal . Has 3 ‘rain’, here in the closely related meaning ‘water vapor’, with 348 (‘mutual’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘divided into columns’ giving ‘frost columns formed from water vapor’ (Ogawa), an impression that might be created in some conditions. Shuowen defines this graph as ‘that which destroys and creates’, a reference to frost destroying some vegetables and fruits when it forms. Mizukami lists a proposed OBI equivalent. DJ2009:v3:941; OT1968:1088; MS1995:v2:1422-4. Mnemonic: MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAIN AND FROST? 1646 騒 SŌ, sawagu/gashii Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 210 disturbance, noise ‘horse’, and NJK ‘flea’ acting in one view L1 18 strokes as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘scratch, claw at’, to give ‘horse rakes ground with SŌONcacophony hoof and is noisy/restless’. Gu, alternatively, SŌDŌdisturbance takes as signifying ‘restless’, to give either ōsawagi uproar, chaos ‘horse is agitated’, or ‘groom horse with 488 The Remaining 1130 Characters

1643<br />

L1<br />

踪<br />

15<br />

SŌ<br />

footprint, traces,<br />

remains<br />

strokes<br />

SŌSEKIone’s whereabouts<br />

SHISSŌdisappearance<br />

SHISSŌSHA missing person<br />

A very late post-Shuowen graph. Originally<br />

written , comprising 54 ‘foot, leg’, and <br />

(traditional form of ‘follow’ 902) as semantic<br />

and phonetic, giving ‘footprints, track, remains’.<br />

Later, the phonetic element was changed to <br />

899 ‘religion’, resulting in the new form as<br />

a popular variant. GY2008:1810; SS1984:455;<br />

OT1968:976.<br />

Mnemonic: FOOTPRINTS SHOW TRACES OF A<br />

RELIGION<br />

1644<br />

燥<br />

SŌ<br />

dry, parch<br />

L2<br />

17 strokes<br />

KANSŌdryness<br />

SHŌSŌimpatience<br />

KŌSŌCHI high dry ground<br />

Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 8 ‘fire’,<br />

and 喿 (CO ‘noisy’; see Note below) as phonetic<br />

with associated sense ‘water disappears’,<br />

giving ‘water disappears in presence of fire’,<br />

and hence ‘dry’. Note: 喿 consists of 73 ‘tree,<br />

wood’, with , here representing not ‘mouths<br />

of people’ (original sense of 405 ‘goods’),<br />

but more specifically – based on the context<br />

with ‘tree’ – as ‘mouths of birds’, giving ‘birds<br />

singing/chirping in tree’, i.e. ‘noisy’. KJ1970:435;<br />

MS1995:v1:242-3. We suggest taking as<br />

three boxes.<br />

Mnemonic: DRY THREE WOODEN BOXES BY<br />

FIRE<br />

Or: THREE MOUTHS IN A PARCHED TREE<br />

WARN OF FIRE<br />

1645<br />

霜<br />

SŌ, shimo<br />

frost<br />

L1<br />

17 strokes<br />

SŌGAIfrost damage<br />

shimoyofrosty night<br />

shimofuriNIKU marbled beef<br />

Seal . Has 3 ‘rain’, here in the closely<br />

related meaning ‘water vapor’, with 348<br />

(‘mutual’) as phonetic with associated sense<br />

‘divided into columns’ giving ‘frost columns<br />

formed from water vapor’ (Ogawa), an impression<br />

that might be created in some conditions.<br />

Shuowen defines this graph as ‘that<br />

which destroys and creates’, a reference to<br />

frost destroying some vegetables and fruits<br />

when it forms. Mizukami lists a proposed OBI<br />

equivalent. DJ2009:v3:941; OT1968:1088;<br />

MS1995:v2:1422-4.<br />

Mnemonic: MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP<br />

BETWEEN RAIN AND FROST?<br />

1646<br />

騒<br />

SŌ, sawagu/gashii Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 210<br />

disturbance, noise ‘horse’, and NJK ‘flea’ acting in one view<br />

L1<br />

18 strokes<br />

as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘scratch,<br />

claw at’, to give ‘horse rakes ground with<br />

SŌONcacophony<br />

hoof and is noisy/restless’. Gu, alternatively,<br />

SŌDŌdisturbance<br />

takes as signifying ‘restless’, to give either<br />

ōsawagi uproar, chaos<br />

‘horse is agitated’, or ‘groom horse with<br />

488 The Remaining 1130 Characters

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