01.05.2017
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1546 L1 審 SHIN judge, investigate 15 strokes SHINGIdeliberation FUSHINdoubt SHINPANjudgment, umpiring Seal ( 宷 ) . Entry heading in Shuowen has 宷 , comprising 30 ‘roof, building’ over 215 (orig open hand holding grain or similar > ‘divide up, distinguish’), thus ‘clarify matters deep inside a house’ (Katō). Katō considers here carries the nuance ‘deep inside’ through a word-family connection with 342 ‘deep’, and 1547 震 SHIN, furuu/eru shake, tremble L2 15 strokes JISHINearthquake miburuitrembling body furuegoetrembling voice 1548 薪 SHIN, takigi, maki firewood, kindling L1 16 strokes SHINTANfuel takigigoyawoodshed makiwariwoodchopping Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 165 (‘new’) in its orig meaning ‘chop tree (for this is supported by Schuessler, who also notes a possible link. Ogawa takes the meaning as ‘separate and clarify matters covered over’. Gu interprets the graph (both 宷 and ) as meaning ‘inquire into/examine closely inside a room’. The same Shuowen entry also notes the form with 215 (‘number; guard’) substituted for , i.e. . Adoption of as the lower element as an alternative to 宷 at the seal stage may reflect influence of an earlier variant form. DJ2009:v1:95; MS1995:v2:1352-4; KJ1970:566; AS2007:458; OT1968:284; GY2008:727-8. Mnemonic: INVESTIGATE NUMBERS UNDER COVER OF ROOF, THEN JUDGE Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 3 ‘rain’ (sometimes more broadly, ‘sky, weather’), with 1531 (originally clamshell) as phonetic with associated sense ‘shake’, thus ‘weather that makes things shake’ (Mizukami says ‘thunder rumbles in heavy rainstorm’); sense then generalized to ‘shake, tremble’. MS1995:v2:1422-3; OT1968:1086; SS1984:477. Mnemonic: RAIN MAKES CLAM SHAKE AND TREMBLE?! firewood)’, with 53 ‘plant’ added to highlight this sense – and extended sense ‘firewood’ – when came to be used in loan usage for another word meaning ‘new’ (the two were homophonous in early Chinese). DJ2009:v1:82; KJ1970:575-6; OT1968:872; AS2007:538-9. Mnemonic: USE NEWLY CHOPPED PLANTS AS KINDLING 1549 刃 JIN, ha, yaiba blade, sword L1 3 strokes HAKUJINdrawn sword hamonobladed object RYŌbadouble blade OBI ; seal ; traditional (Kangxi zidian) 刃 / . One of a small number of characters of the ‘indicative symbol’ type in which stroke(s) added to a pictograph represent (a word of) different meaning, in this case, 198 ‘knife, sword’, plus to highlight ‘blade’. The form occurs early in Chinese calligraphic tradition (Northern Wei onwards). Note that in many Chinese characters means ‘knife’ rather than ‘sword’. Also note that the blade here is the inside edge, unlike the katana. QX2000:183; MS1995:v1:122-3; OT1968:110; FC1974:v1:201; KZ2001:237-8/3671; MR2007:305. Mnemonic: SWORD WITH MARKED BLADE The Remaining 1130 Characters 459
1550 L1 尽 JIN, tsukiru/kusu use up, exhaust 6 strokes JINRYOKUeffort(s) JINMIRAIfor ever kokorozukushikind efforts OBI ; seal ; traditional . The OBI form has 159 ‘writing brush, brush’ (itself originally [OBI] pictograph of hand holding brush) over 300 ‘bowl’. In one interpretation, is taken as phonetic with associated sense ‘empty’, giving ‘wipe inside of bowl clean’ (Katō; Karlgren is in agreement ). In his analysis, Katō also treats in this graph as incorporating what later came to be written separately as
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THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO Japanese Kanj
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Published by Tuttle Publishing, an
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The 80 First-Grade Characters......
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Acknowledgments Thanks are due to O
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writing brush, and then incised. Wr
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1.5 Cursive Script Forms While the
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5) ‘semantic-phonetic compounds
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alternative etymologies for the sam
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集 韻 Jiyun (Collected Rhymes; J.
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text in reverse, then the blocks we
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eflects the reality that in this bo
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compound characters, in the form ),
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Limitations of This Book This book
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that the word kuruma ‘vehicle’
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Hiragana and Katakana and Their Sou
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Hiragana Katakana HO from HO from
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The 214 Determinatives (or ‘Radic
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No. English Alternative forms/nickn
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No. English Alternative forms/nickn
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No. English Alternative forms/nickn
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4. However, in a few cases vertical
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Editorial and Typographical Matters
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THE KANJI
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6 L4 音 ON, IN, oto, ne sound 9
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14 休 KYŪ, yasumu rest(ing) L5 6
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23 L5 校 KŌ school, check 10 stro
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33 L5 車 SHA, kuruma vehicle 7
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43 L4 GAKUSEI student ISSH
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51 L5 52 L4 先 SEN, saki prior,
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59 L5 中 4 CHŪ, naka middle, insi
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68 年 NEN, toshi year L5 6 strokes
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76 L5 目 5 MOKU, me, ma eye, look,
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85 遠 EN, tōi distant L4 13 strok
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93 L5 会 KAI, E, au meet 6 stro
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101 L3 丸 3 GAN, maru, marui round
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110 L4 111 L4 京 KYŌ, KEI c
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118 L5 言 GEN, GON, koto, iu wo
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126 L3 公 KŌ, ōyake public, fair
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134 合 GŌ, KATSU, au/waseru Alter
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142 L3 算 SAN reckon, count 14
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150 L4 自 JI, SHI, mizukara sel
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158 春 SHUN, haru of ‘forest’.
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166 L4 親 SHIN, oya, shitashii
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174 L3 雪 SETSU, yuki snow 11 stro
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182 L4 体 TAI, TEI, karada body 7
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190 L4 鳥 CHŌ, tori bird 11 st
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199 冬 TŌ, fuyu winter L4 5 strok
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207 L3 内 NAI, DAI, uchi inside
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215 L3 番 BAN number, guard, tu
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224 L5 北 HOKU, kita north, fle
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233 L4 234 L5 野 YA, no moor
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THE 200 THIRD GRADE CHARACTERS 241
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249 L4 院 IN institute 10 strok
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258 L3 HENKAchange KESHŌmake-u
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267 L3 岸 GAN, kishi bank, shor
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276 L4 去 KYO, KO, saru go, leave,
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285 L3 君 KUN, kimi lord, you, Mr
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294 向 KŌ, muku/keru/kau/kō turn
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303 L4 使 SHI, tsukau use, serv
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311 L3 式 SHIKI ceremony, form 6 s
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319 受 JU, ukeru receive L3 8 stro
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327 L3 宿 SHUKU, yado(ru) lodge, s
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335 L3 勝 SHŌ, katsu, masaru win,
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343 L4 進 SHIN, susumu/meru advanc
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351 L3 息 10 SOKU, iki breath, res
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359 第 DAI grade, order L3 11 stro
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367 丁 CHŌ, TEI block , exact L1
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375 転 TEN, korogeru/garu rotate,
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383 等 TŌ, hitoshii, nado class,
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391 L3 畑 hata, hatake (dry-) f
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400 L3 筆 HITSU, fude writing brus
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408 L4 服 FUKU clothes, yield,
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415 L4 味 MI, aji, ajiwau taste
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423 有 YŪ, U, aru have, exist L4
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430 L3 様 14 YŌ, sama situatio
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437 L3 列 RETSU row, line 6 str
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texts for ‘use, employ, in order
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451 L3 塩 EN, shio salt 13 strokes
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458 L3 改 KAI, aratameru/maru refo
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with minor bureaucrat/official’.
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pleased’ is seen as an extended s
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479 L3 泣 KYŪ, naku weep, cry 8 s
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487 競 KYŌ, KEI, kisou, seru comp
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494 L3 景 KEI, KE scene, view,
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solid’. KJ1970:392; YK1976:167; T
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509 L4 菜 SAI, na vegetable, ra
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516 L3 察 SATSU judge, surmise,
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522 L1 氏 SHI, uji clan, family, m
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529 L3 530 L4 失 SHITSU, ush
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537 L3 笑 SHŌ, warau, emu laugh,
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still acting as phonetic and still
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551 L3 折 SETSU, ori, oru/reru ben
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558 L3 争 SŌ, arasou conflict, vi
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566 L3 帯 TAI , obi, obiru belt
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574 L1 腸 CHŌ, harawata intest
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582 L3 努 DO, tsutomeru endeavor,
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591 L3 敗 HAI, yaburu/reru defe
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599 L3 標 HYŌ , shirushi sign(pos
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found in the clerical script. Mizuk
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614 牧 BOKU, maki OBI ; seal . Has
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621 L3 約 9 YAKU promise, approx.,
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628 L3 良 RYŌ, yoi good 7 stro
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636 L3 歴 REKI history, path 14 st
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THE 185 FIFTH GRADE CHARACTERS 641
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647 L3 易 8 EKI, I, yasui, yasa
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654 L1 恩 ON favor, kindness 10 st
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660 L1 賀 GA congratulations 12 st
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667 L1 668 L3 幹 KAN, miki trun
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674 L1 義 GI righteousness 13 s
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682 L3 禁 KIN forbid, ban 13 st
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690 L3 検 KEN investigate 12 strok
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sense, i.e. ‘test by comparison
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(original Peking Palace woodblock e
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713 L3 罪 ZAI, tsumi crime, sin 13
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720 L3 師 SHI teacher, model, a
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726 L4 質 SHITSU, SHICHI, CHI q
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733 L3 準 JUN level, conform, quas
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741 L3 情 11 JŌ, SEI, nasake feel
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749 製 SEI Seal ; late graph (Shuo
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757 L1 銭 SEN, zeni sen, coin, mon
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764 L3 則 SOKU, nori, nottoru rule
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772 L3 団 DANgodumpling FUTONfu
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780 L1 統 TŌ, suberu supervise, l
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788 破 HA, yaburu/reru Seal ; late
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796 L1 俵 HYŌ, tawara sack, ba
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of two vessels (one upright and the
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810 L3 報 HŌ, mukuiru report,
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816 L3 夢 MU, yume dream 13 stroke
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824 L3 留 10 RYŪ, RU, tomaru/meru
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830 映 EI, utsuru/su, haeru reflec
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838 L3 割 KATSU, wari, waru div
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847 L1 貴 KI, tattoi/bu, tōtoi
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854 L1 筋 KINNIKUmuscle sujimi
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862 L3 権 15 KEN, GON right, au
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869 L1 后 6 KŌ, GO, kisaki empres
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877 L3 骨 KOTSU, hone bone, frame
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885 L1 蚕 SAN, kaiko silkworm 1
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893 L1 射 SHA, iru shoot 10 stroke
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900 L1 就 12 SHŪ, JU, tsuku take
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907 L3 処 SHO deal with, place
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914 L3 城 JŌ, shiro castle 9 stro
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922 L1 聖 SEISHObible SEIJIN sa
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930 L1 奏 9 SŌ, kanaderu play ins
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938 存 SON, ZON senses ‘not move
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946 値 CHI, atai, ne price, value
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953 L3 賃 CHIN wages, fee 13 st
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961 L3 乳 NYŪ, chichi, chi bre
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968 L1 肺 HAI lung(s) 9 strokes
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976 L1 奮 FUN, furuu be excited, s
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983 L1 宝 HŌ, takara treasure
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992 L1 模 MO, BO copy, model, m
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1000 L3 卵 RAN, tamago egg, roe
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THE REMAINING 1130 CHARACTERS 1007
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1015 依 I, E, yoru OBI ; seal . Ha
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1022 L1 椅 I chair 12 strokes IS
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1030 L1 茨 9 ibara, SHI thatch, br
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1038 唄 uta, BAI song L1 10 stroke
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item’ (Ogawa, Katō), or - origin
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noted in Mizukami as an extended me
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1059 L1 1060 L2 汚 6 O, kegare/
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1068 岡 oka, KŌ hill, knoll L3 8
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1075 穏 ON, odayaka peace, moderat
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1083 暇 KA, hima, itoma leisure, f
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1091 瓦 GA, kawara, GURAMU tile, g
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1099 L1 皆 KAI, min(n)a all, ev
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1106 L1 劾 8 GAI investigate (a wr
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1114 垣 kaki fence, hedge L1 9 str
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1122 嚇 KAKU, odosu/kasu threaten,
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1129 L1 喝 KATSU shout, scold 11 s
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1137 鎌 kama, REN sickle L1 18 str
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1144 L1 陥 KAN, ochiiru collaps
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connection with 1146, the early mea
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1157 寛 KAN, kutsurogu magnanimous
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1166 L1 NENKANyearbook KANSHŌa
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1173 L1 KICHŪin mourning KIN
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1181 L1 ikuNINhow many people KI
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1188 宜 GI, yoroshii proper, good
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prises (see 611), a determinative
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1203 L1 丘 KYŪ, oka hill, hill
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distinguish carefully from the sim
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1217 狂 KYŌ, kuruu lunatic, mad L
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1225 L1 脅 10 KYŌ, odo(ka)su, obi
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1233 斤 KIN weight, ax L1 4 stroke
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1241 吟 GIN recite, sing L1 7 stro
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1248 串 kushi, KAN pierce, skewer
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1255 薫 KUN, kaoru/ri aroma, fragr
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meaning, and ‘mountain stream’
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1268 L1 慶 KEI, yorokobu joy, rejo
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1274 鯨 GEI, kujira whale L1 19 st
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1282 L2 剣 KEN, tsurugi sword,
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1289 遣 KEN, tsukau, yaru send, us
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visible’ is presumably a loan usa
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1301 L1 虎 KO, tora tiger, drunkar
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1309 顧 KO, kaerimiru look back L1
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OBI , bronze ; seal . The bronze fo
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sociated sense ‘hit, strike’, g
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determinatives (540 in total) there
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1336 L1 慌 KŌ, awateru/tadashii b
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1344 衡 KŌ, kubiki scales, yoke L
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1350 L1 豪 14 GŌSHŪAustralia
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ing the head of an insect, with leg
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1364 L1 懇 17 KON, nengoro na f
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1372 砕 SAI, kudaku/keru break, sm
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1379 L1 塞 13 SAI, SOKU, fusagu ob
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1387 索 SAKU rope, search L1 10 st
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1394 L1 撮 SATSU, toru, tsumamu pl
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1402 L2 伺 7 SHI, ukagau visit, se
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1410 嗣 SHI, tsugu heir, succeed t
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agree that one component is / 42
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(profile) for ‘bed’ with a stro
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1429 L1 赦 SHA forgiveness 11 stro
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Shirakawa, though, takes as claws o
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first appeared [as independent grap
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1447 L1 需 JU need, demand 14 stro
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1454 L1 羞 SHŪ, hajiru be ashamed
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1461 L1 充 JŪ, ateru, mitasu f
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for ‘uncle younger than one’s p
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flecting the use in Shang times of
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1480 L1 庶 11 SHO masses, vario
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age; this complex form was ousted a
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1494 L1 宵 SHŌ, yoi evening 10 st
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1501 L1 掌 SHŌ, tanagokoro con
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1507 L1 奨 SHŌ urge, encourage 13
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part in ancient China, being seen a
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1520 L1 縄 JŌ, nawa rope, cord 15
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1526 拭 SHOKU, nuguu, fuku wipe, s
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1534 L1 芯 7 SHIN core, padding, w
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eading furu ‘shake’, as also th
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overall meaning ‘enjoy union’,
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1559 L1 帥 SUI commander 9 strokes
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consisting in one view of 1739 ‘
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appears to already provide the mean
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1578 L1 斉 SEI, hitoshii equal, si
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1586 L1 斥 SEKI, shirizokeru re
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1593 籍 SEKI meaning is ‘written
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1599 扇 SEN, ōgi, aogu fan L1 10
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1607 箋 SEN paper, letter L1 14 st
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1613 L1 禅 ZEN Zen, meditation 13
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1620 措 SO place, dispose L1 11 st
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1627 双 SŌ, futapair, both L2 4 s
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1634 L1 曹 SŌ, ZŌ official, c
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1639 L1 葬 SŌ, hōmuru bury 12 st
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comb’. Sense then generalized to
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1653 俗 ZOKU Bronze ; seal . Has 4
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1658 唾 DA, tsuba(ki) Seal ; late
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1665 L1 泰 TAI calm, serene, bi
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1671 L1 戴 TAI, (DAI), itadaku rec
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1678 L2 濯 TAKU wash, rinse 17 str
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ten with a pictograph showing two s
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tograph of a young plant putting ou
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elow); the associated sense of here
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1705 L1 秩 CHITSU order 10 strokes
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1712 L1 鋳 CHŪ, iru cast, found,
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mean ‘monetary change’. Note: w
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tower above; sign’) was added as
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1730 珍 CHIN, mezurashii gives pro
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1736 L1 塚 tsuka, CHŌ mound, tumu
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port such an interpretation, though
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1748 訂 TEI correct, revise L1 9 s
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1756 摘 TEKI, tsumu/mamu pluck, ex
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iguous in writing through addition
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1768 L1 妬 TO, netamu/mi/mashii be
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1775 到 TŌ, itaru Bronze ; seal .
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phonetic, with associated sense ‘
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1786 L1 搭 TŌ load, board 12 stro
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1792 謄 TŌ copy L1 17 strokes T
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1798 L1 瞳 DŌ, hitomi pupil (of e
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cave’, and as phonetic with asso
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How, though, did the graph come to
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as depicting one person leaning aga
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1826 L1 寧 NEI, mushiro peace,
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1833 婆 BA, baba Seal ( ) . The se
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ing things, thus ‘grow, cultivate
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1847 L1 剥 HAKU, hagu/gasu peel, s
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form, which has firewood projecting
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1861 L1 氾 5 HAN flood, deluge, ov
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1868 販 HAN sell, trade L2 11 stro
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1874 L1 繁 HAN, shigeru profuse
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Page 562 and 563:
1879 L2 彼 HI, kare, kano, ano
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Page 564 and 565:
1886 L1 罷 HI, makaru cease, leave
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Page 566 and 567:
1892 L1 肘 hiji elbow 7 strokes
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Page 568 and 569:
1898 L1 描 BYŌ, egaku depict, dra
-
Page 570 and 571:
and flattish’; overall meaning is
-
Page 572 and 573:
later represented by changing deter
-
Page 574 and 575:
at clerical script stage. Note: 尃
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Page 576 and 577:
kami notes a different view that se
-
Page 578 and 579:
1929 L1 噴 FUN, fuku emit, spout,
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Page 580 and 581:
taken as ‘avoid’, thus ‘hangi
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Page 582 and 583:
1942 癖 HEKI, kuse habit, kink L1
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Page 584 and 585:
out metal fitting’ (on a gate/doo
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Page 586 and 587:
1956 泡 HŌ, awa Seal ; a late gra
-
Page 588 and 589:
graph has the same structure but is
-
Page 590 and 591:
(both interpretations are listed in
-
Page 592 and 593:
added to indicate meaning of ‘sid
-
Page 594 and 595:
1985 L1 僕 BOKU, shimobe manser
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Page 596 and 597:
1991 L1 奔 HON run, bustle 8 st
-
Page 598 and 599:
1997 磨 MA, migaku polish, scour,
-
Page 600 and 601:
2003 又 mata again L1 2 strokes
-
Page 602 and 603:
strange’. An alternative analysis
-
Page 604 and 605:
not done also). The original meanin
-
Page 606 and 607:
2022 盲 MŌ, mekura blind L1 8 str
-
Page 608 and 609:
ut ‘fire’. This commentator (Gu
-
Page 610 and 611:
2034 L1 愉 YU joy, pleasure 12 str
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Page 612 and 613:
2040 湧 YŪ, waku , for which ther
-
Page 614 and 615:
2046 L1 融 YŪ, tokeru dissolve, m
-
Page 616 and 617:
ment in bronze stage equivalents of
-
Page 618 and 619:
ing it a distinct possibility that
-
Page 620 and 621:
2063 拉 RA, RATSU, hishigu/ Seal ;
-
Page 622 and 623:
2069 L1 2070 L1 酪 13 RAKU d
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Page 624 and 625:
2076 L1 履 RI, haku footwear, walk
-
Page 626 and 627:
2081 L1 竜 RYŪ, tatsu dragon 1
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Page 628 and 629:
suggesting orderly construction rat
-
Page 630 and 631:
Mizukami). Sense modified (dependin
-
Page 632 and 633:
2098 L1 倫 RIN principles, ethi
-
Page 634 and 635:
2104 励 RUI, hagemu/masu later var
-
Page 636 and 637:
2109 隷 REI the seal script, came
-
Page 638 and 639:
2114 L1 烈 RETSU fierce, intens
-
Page 640 and 641:
2121 賂 RO, mainai Seal ; late gra
-
Page 642 and 643:
phonetic with associated sense ‘s
-
Page 644:
2135 L2 湾 WAN bay, gulf 12 stroke
-
Page 647 and 648:
Readings Index A A 1007 abareru 8
-
Page 649 and 650:
BŌ 814 BŌ 985 BŌ 986 BŌ 987
-
Page 651 and 652:
EI 449 EI 450 EI 644 EI 645 EI
-
Page 653 and 654:
GO 1311 GO 1312 GO 1313 GO 1314
-
Page 655 and 656:
HI 1878 HI 1879 HI 1880 HI 1881
-
Page 657 and 658:
isago 879 isago 1366 isamashii 6
-
Page 659 and 660:
KAI 1102 KAI 1103 KAI 1104 KAI
-
Page 661 and 662:
KEN 20 KEN 100 KEN 290 KEN 291
-
Page 663 and 664:
KŌ 1342 KŌ 1343 KŌ 1344 KŌ
-
Page 665 and 666:
KYŪ 1203 KYŪ 1204 KYŪ 1205 KY
-
Page 667 and 668:
mukuiru 810 mukuro 1113 muna- 85
-
Page 669 and 670:
odokasu 1225 oeru 322 odoroku 12
-
Page 671 and 672:
RYŪ 824 RYŪ 2080 RYŪ 2081 RY
-
Page 673 and 674:
SEN 1608 SEN 1609 SEN 1610 SEN
-
Page 675 and 676:
SHŌ 912 SHŌ 913 SHŌ 933 SHŌ
-
Page 677 and 678:
SUI 1685 suji 854 suki 503 suki
-
Page 679 and 680:
TO 1767 TO 1768 TO 1769 TO 1770
-
Page 681 and 682:
UN 251 unagasu 1651 unaji 1339 u
-
Page 683 and 684:
yudaneru 245 yue 694 YUI 827 YUI
-
Page 685 and 686:
1806 1821 1893 1967 2030 5 stro
-
Page 687 and 688:
1095 1142 1167 1172 1173 1199
-
Page 689 and 690:
361 366 370 377 391 392 398
-
Page 691 and 692:
1581 1588 1589 1599 1600 1619
-
Page 693 and 694:
385 397 400 424 428 429 431
-
Page 695 and 696:
1613 1624 1640 1654 1670 1672
-
Page 697 and 698:
1104 1105 1113 1121 1161 1162
-
Page 700 and 701:
APPENDIX & BIBLIOGRAPHY
-
Page 702 and 703:
In this book the general trend in i
-
Page 704 and 705:
KZ2001 Zhang Yushu et al., Kangxi z
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