480531170

1480
L1
庶
11
SHO
masses, various,
illegitimate, all
strokes
SHOMINthe masses
SHOMUgeneral affairs
SHOSHIillegitimate child
OBI ; bronze ; seal . Analyses diverge.
One view (Gu) takes the OBI form as representing
a cooking pot over a fire ( 炗 ; see Note
below) away from the wind beneath a ‘cliff’,
with the top element changing at the seal
stage to 127 ‘roof, building’ to represent
a simple dwelling, giving ‘cook inside dwelling’.
Then, according to Gu, the meaning
was successively extended to ‘servant’ and
‘the ordinary people’. Another analysis favors
division into 8 ‘fire’ beneath 47 ‘stone,
rock’, and takes the latter with the associated
sense ‘remove’, to give ‘fumigate and remove
harmful insects’ (Ogawa), treating senses such
as ‘various’ as loan usage. Alternatively, is
analysed as ‘fire’ beneath as phonetic
with associated sense ‘put, place’, giving ‘place
on top of fire’ (Katō). The objection to this view,
it could be argued, is that at the top of this
graph there is not , as in , but . Since by
the seal stage the top element in was being
written as , it was for that reason analysed in
Shuowen as ‘roof’. It should be noted, though,
that the distinction between and was
not always made at the bronze stage (indeed,
Mizukami goes so far as to say they were the
same at that stage), leaving the possibility
that the top element of this graph in bronze
may have been erroneously analysed by the
Shuowen compiler Xu Shen (or possibly earlier)
as ‘(angled) roof; building’. Note: the shape
beneath the top element in OBI and some
bronze occurrences corresponds to 炗 , which
does appear to be a cooking pot over fire. Yupian
takes this graph as instead being an old way
of writing 129 ‘bright’, but the basis for this
is not clear. MS1995:v1:454-5,450-51,v2:932-3;
DJ2009:V2:752; GY2008:1295; KJ1970:611-12;
OT1968:619. Take the central part as as a pot
hanging from a cross-piece.
Mnemonic: THE MASSES ALL HAVE HOUSES
AND VARIOUS COOKING POTS
1481
L3
緒
14
SHO, CHO, o
beginning, cord,
connection, clue
strokes
ISSHOtogether
TANSHObeginning
hanaoclog thong
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 29
‘thread’, and 314 (‘person’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘beginning’, thus ‘beginning
of length of thread’; by extension, senses such
as ‘connection’ also. OT1968:782; KJ1970:496;
GY2008:1351.
Mnemonic: PERSON THREADS CORD FROM
BEGINNING TO MAKE CONNECTION
1482
如
JO, NYO, gotoku/ki
similar, equal
L1
6 strokes
JOJŌaforementioned
NYOJITSUrealism
ikaga*how?
OBI ; seal . Has 22 ‘mouth; speak’, and
37 (‘woman’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘obedient, submissive’, thus ‘submissive
words, submissive’. Commentators are divided
over whether to regard senses such as ‘be
like’ and ‘as if’ as extended senses or as loan
usage based on sound value; the latter seems
more likely. MS1995:v1:310-12; KJ1970:551-2;
OT1968:166.
Mnemonic: WOMEN’S MOUTHS ARE
SIMILAR
The Remaining 1130 Characters 439