480531170

1319
江
KŌ, e
inlet, river
L1
6 strokes
irieinlet, river
KŌKOworld at large
EdoEdo, old Tokyo
Bronze ; seal . Has 42 ‘water’, and
125 (‘work’, originally a type of tool such as a
1320
L1
坑
KŌ
mine, pit, hole
7 strokes
TANKŌcoal mine
KŌFUminer
KŌDŌmine shaft
Seal ( 阬 ) ; itself is a late, post-Shuowen
graph. Shuowen has 阬 , consisting of ()
1907 ‘hill, terraced slopes’, with (‘neck /
throat, high, high spirits’, see 505) as phonetic
with associated sense taken as ‘high’, giving
‘high/big hill’. This is the opposite meaning to
, and Katō looks to explain the discrepancy
on the basis of use of 阬 as a substitute writing
for another homophonous / near-homophonous
CO graph ‘dry moat’, and by extension
‘pit, hole’; such substitutions were common in
1321
抗
KŌ
resist, oppose
L1
7 strokes
KŌGIprotest
TAIKŌopposition
KŌSŌ dispute
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 505 (‘neck / throat, high’) as phonetic
with associated sense taken typically as ‘defend,
fend off’, giving ‘defend with the hands’. Ogawa,
1322
攻
KŌ, semeru
attack
L1
7 strokes
KŌGEKISHAaggressor
SENKŌspecialty
semeiru invade
set-square) as phonetic, with associated sense
generally taken as ‘big’, giving ‘big river’. This graph
can sometimes denote the Yangtze River; also,
‘river’ in a more generalized sense. In Chinese the
graph does not have the meaning ‘inlet’, which
is a Japanese-only meaning. MS1995:v2:730-31;
KJ1970:406; OT1968:558; AS2007:306.
Mnemonic: FIND CARPENTER’S SET-SQUARE
IN WATERS OF INLET
early texts. Katō’s implication is that once this
substitution became common, 64 ‘earth,
ground, soil’ replaced () as the determinative,
resulting in a graph whose components
then appeared more logical as a way of writing
the word for ‘pit, hole’. An alternative interpretation,
based on an explanation of 阬 in the
ancient Chinese encyclopaedic dictionary Erya,
takes here in the uncommon sense ‘hollow’,
thus giving ‘hollowed-out pit’ (Tōdō). According
to this interpretation, is being taken
as the original way of writing . KJ1970:161;
TA1965:398-401; OT1968:213; AS2007:250. As
with 505, we suggest taking as a desk and
top, and here in its meaning of ‘soil’.
Mnemonic: SOILED DESKTOP IS PITTED WITH
HOLES
alternatively, takes in one of its meanings as
‘high’, giving ‘raise up high’, possibly meaning
‘raise the hands high (to protect the throat)’;
the original meaning of is typically taken to
be ‘neck, throat’; Tōdō takes it more specifically
as ‘carotid artery’. KJ1970:391; TA1965:385-91;
OT1968:402. As with 505 and 1320, we suggest
taking as a desk and top.
Mnemonic: HAND THUMPED ON DESKTOP
SHOWS OPPOSITION
Bronze ; seal . Has /112 ‘strike, hit’,
and 125 (‘work’, originally a type of tool/
square used by carpenters) taken in one
analysis as semantic and phonetic, giving ‘make
things using a tool’ (Shirakawa, Ogawa). Another
analysis takes only as phonetic with as-
392 The Remaining 1130 Characters