480531170

1285
圏
KEN
zone, sphere, range
L1
12 strokes
SEISŌKENstratosphere
KENGAIoutside bounds
BŌFŪKENstorm zone
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Typically taken as consisting of 84 ‘enclosure’,
and (traditional form of 841 ‘roll; bind’) as
semantic and phonetic, giving ‘round enclosure’
in one interpretation (Ogawa, Shirakawa,
Gu). One scholar, though, looks to take as
phonetic with associated sense ‘block, obstruct’,
giving ‘enclosure which blocks exit on all sides’
(Katō). OT1968:207; SS1984:260; GY2008:1251.
Mnemonic: ROLL AROUND WITHIN
ENCLOSED ZONE
1286
堅
KEN, katai
firm, solid, hard
L1
12 strokes
KENJITSU nasteadfast
KENGO nafirm, solid
CHŪKENmainstay
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 64
‘earth, ground’, and NJK 臤 ‘hard’ 1237 (q.v. for
etymology, but originally 2003 ‘hand’ and
543 ‘eye’) as semantic and phonetic, giving ‘hard
ground’; later generalized to ‘hard’. KJ1970:131-
2; OT1968:220; SS1984:260.
Mnemonic: HAND THROWS HARD EARTH AT
STARING EYE
1287
L1
嫌
13
KEN’Oloathing
DAIkiraihateful
iyaMIoffensive
KEN, GEN, kirai, iya
dislike(d), hate(d),
distasteful
strokes
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen); traditional
form has as right-hand element. Has
37 ‘woman’, and 1281 (‘combine’, ‘cannot
do’) as a phonetic with an associated sense
‘dissatisfied’, thus giving ‘woman dissatisfied’.
Later, the ‘woman’ component of the meaning
was dispensed with, the result being that it
was generalized to ‘dissatisfied; dislike’, but the
female component of the graph itself was still
maintained, no doubt to avoid confusion with
1281. There are quite a number of extended or
associated meanings, such as ‘disinclination’,
‘unpleasant’, ‘hatred’, ‘offensive’, ‘repugnant’ and
also ‘prejudice’ and so forth – basically a wide
range of negative feelings. In Chinese it can
also mean ‘jealousy’ and ‘suspicion’, strongly
suggesting that – certainly in earlier times – the
cause of the female’s dissatisfaction involved
her husband and another woman. TA1965:866;
SS1984:261; OT1968:261.
Mnemonic: CANNOT COMBINE WOMEN –
THAT IS DISTASTEFUL
Or: WOMAN DISLIKES BEING COMBINED
WITH ANOTHER
1288
献
KEN, KON
dedicate, present
L1
13 strokes
KENJŌpresentation, gift
KONdatemenu
KENSHINdedication
OBI ; bronze ; seal ; traditional .
The OBI form has 19 ’dog’, with a second
element which is taken to be a cauldron or
cooking pot, corresponding to the later
(see 1120), and signifying ‘(meat of) dog as
sacrifice to the deities’. At the seal stage, this
second element had a further component
added which is interpreted as ‘tiger’ ( 297,
an abbreviated component based on the
pictograph of a tiger [1301], representing only
382 The Remaining 1130 Characters