480531170
1233 斤 KIN weight, ax L1 4 strokes KINRYŌold weight KINmeold weight FUKIN ax OBI ; bronze ; seal . One view, based on the bronze form, takes as the curved handle of an ax, with the outer element (‘cliff’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘curved like a lizard’, giving ‘ax with curved handle’ (Katō). The OBI form, though, is of different structure, and Qiu convincingly analyzes this as representing an ax or adze-like tool about to cut an object (Qiu says a tree) in half. In ancient times this tool was also used as a convenient measure of weight, hence the extended sense ‘unit of weight’; in Japan as a traditional unit of weight, about 600 grams. KJ1970:285; QX2000:180,55; MS1995:v1:594-5; OT1968:449. Mnemonic: HACKSAW-LIKE AX IS QUITE A WEIGHT 1234 L1 菌 KIN fungus, bacteria 11 strokes SAIKINbacteria KINRUIfungi HOKINSHA germ carrier Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 53 ‘plant’, with 囷 (‘round granary’) as phonetic with associated sense taken as i] ‘shady and damp’, 1235 L1 琴 KIN, koto koto (oriental harp) 12 strokes teFŪKINaccordion KINSENheartstrings kotozume plectrum Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Seal form, which lacks , the bottom two strokes of , shows body (bridge) and strings of a koto (Oriental harp) stood upright. At the clerical script stage, 1236 L1 僅 KIN, wazuka few/little, barely 13 strokes KINKINmerely, only KINSHŌfew, little KINSHŌSA slight majority Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 ‘person’, with CO (‘burning human sacrifice’ as rain-making ritual or ‘burning of drought god effigy’ [Mizukami]) as phonetic with as- thus ‘blotch-like growth in damp, shady places’ (Katō), or ii] ‘crowded’, thus ‘crowded plant growth’ (Shirakawa). In Shuowen, is defined as ‘mushroom’; ‘fungus, bacterium’ are extended sense. Note: CO 囷 (‘granary’) is 84 ‘enclosure’, with ‘grain’ 87. QX2000:193; KJ1970:295; SS1984:208-9. Mnemonic: GRAIN PLANT IN ENCLOSURE GETS FUNGUS the lower element changed to 138 (‘now’) as phonetic with associated sense usually taken as ‘enclose in box shape, enclose’, thus ‘box-shape musical instrument with strings’, i.e. koto. Ogawa, however, takes associated sense to be ‘sound’. Mizukami and Ogawa take the keyhole-shaped element in seal form, corresponding to in as abbreviation of later , as phonetic. MS1995:v2:854-5; KJ1970:243; SS1984:210; OT1968:658. Take as ‘king’ 5. Mnemonic: NOW TWO KINGS PLAY THE KOTO sociated sense ‘a little, scant’, thus ‘person of meagre talents’; later generalized to ‘meagre, a little’. Note: OBI ancestral form of has ‘fire’ as bottom element, though less clear in bronze, then erroneously changed to ‘earth’ 64 in seal. TA1965:695-8; SS1984:210; GY2008:1186; WB1994:162; OT1968:217; MS1995:v1:270-71. Take as ‘odd’ master 315, ‘eye’ 76, ‘grass’ 53. Mnemonic: ODD MASTER KEEPS EYE ON PERSONS IN THE GRASS – ONLY A FEW The Remaining 1130 Characters 367
1237 緊 KIN tight, compact, tense L1 15 strokes KINCHŌtension KINKYŪcrisis KINMITSU compactness Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 29 ‘thread/string’, and NJK 臤 (now means ‘hard, wise’, but bronze form originally depicted a hand [ 2003] pulling out an eyeball [ 543, now meaning ‘minister’]) as semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘pull straight’, to give ‘pull strings/thread straight’ (Gu), ‘pull strings/thread tight’ (Ogawa), or ‘bind tight’ (Schuessler). ‘Tense’ is an extended sense. Note: Shirakawa, who similarly gives the meaning of 臤 as ‘to destroy an eyeball’, believes it was made part of a sacrificial ritual when something important was being sought from the deities. GY2008: 1036,605; OT1968:785; SS1984:212; AS2007:315. We suggest taking the components literally, though gruesome. Mnemonic: HAND PULLS OUT EYEBALL AND THREADS IT TIGHT – QUITE TENSE 1238 L1 錦 KIN, nishiki brocade, showy 16 strokes Kara nishikiChinese brocade nishikigoicolored carp nishikiE colored print Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has NJK ‘white silk, silk cloth’, with 16 ‘gold’ as semantic and phonetic, giving ‘silk fabric with gold color’. Tōdō, following an explanation in the Shiming dictionary of ca. 200AD, treats as indicating this type of fabric is the most valuable, just as ‘gold’ is the most valuable metal. ‘Brocade’, a cloth which does not necessarily use silk, is extended sense. Note: comprises 1232 ‘cloth fragment, cloth’, with 69 ‘white’. GY2008:1609; OT1968:320,315; MS1995:v1:438-9; TA1965:822. Mnemonic: GOLD BROCADE ON WHITE CLOTH IS SHOWY 1239 L1 謹 KIN, tsutsushimu circumspect 17 strokes KINGENseriousness KINKEIDear Sirs tsutsushinde respectfully Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 118 ‘words; speak’, and (‘sacrificial burning’: see 1236) as phonetic with associated sense ‘scant, sparse; barely’, giving ‘restrain one’s words, be cautious’. Note: for etymology of , see 1236. OT1968:939; KJ1970:294; TA1965:695-8. For explanation of mnemonic, see 1236. Mnemonic: ODD MASTER USES CIRCUMSPECT WORDS WHEN GETTING GRASS IN EYE 1240 襟 KIN, eri collar, neck, neckband L1 18 strokes KYŌKINbosom, heart KINDOgenerosity erikubi nape of neck A late, post-Shuowen graph. Has / 444 ‘garment’, and 682 (‘forbid, ban’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘close, shut’, thus ‘garment seam’; ‘neckband, collar’ is an extended sense. OT1968:910; SS1984:213. Mnemonic: COLLARS ARE BANNED GARMENTS 368 The Remaining 1130 Characters
- Page 318 and 319: item’ (Ogawa, Katō), or - origin
- Page 320 and 321: noted in Mizukami as an extended me
- Page 322 and 323: 1059 L1 1060 L2 汚 6 O, kegare/
- Page 324 and 325: 1068 岡 oka, KŌ hill, knoll L3 8
- Page 326 and 327: 1075 穏 ON, odayaka peace, moderat
- Page 328 and 329: 1083 暇 KA, hima, itoma leisure, f
- Page 330 and 331: 1091 瓦 GA, kawara, GURAMU tile, g
- Page 332 and 333: 1099 L1 皆 KAI, min(n)a all, ev
- Page 334 and 335: 1106 L1 劾 8 GAI investigate (a wr
- Page 336 and 337: 1114 垣 kaki fence, hedge L1 9 str
- Page 338 and 339: 1122 嚇 KAKU, odosu/kasu threaten,
- Page 340 and 341: 1129 L1 喝 KATSU shout, scold 11 s
- Page 342 and 343: 1137 鎌 kama, REN sickle L1 18 str
- Page 344 and 345: 1144 L1 陥 KAN, ochiiru collaps
- Page 346 and 347: connection with 1146, the early mea
- Page 348 and 349: 1157 寛 KAN, kutsurogu magnanimous
- Page 350 and 351: 1166 L1 NENKANyearbook KANSHŌa
- Page 352 and 353: 1173 L1 KICHŪin mourning KIN
- Page 354 and 355: 1181 L1 ikuNINhow many people KI
- Page 356 and 357: 1188 宜 GI, yoroshii proper, good
- Page 358 and 359: prises (see 611), a determinative
- Page 360 and 361: 1203 L1 丘 KYŪ, oka hill, hill
- Page 362 and 363: distinguish carefully from the sim
- Page 364 and 365: 1217 狂 KYŌ, kuruu lunatic, mad L
- Page 366 and 367: 1225 L1 脅 10 KYŌ, odo(ka)su, obi
- Page 370 and 371: 1241 吟 GIN recite, sing L1 7 stro
- Page 372 and 373: 1248 串 kushi, KAN pierce, skewer
- Page 374 and 375: 1255 薫 KUN, kaoru/ri aroma, fragr
- Page 376 and 377: meaning, and ‘mountain stream’
- Page 378 and 379: 1268 L1 慶 KEI, yorokobu joy, rejo
- Page 380 and 381: 1274 鯨 GEI, kujira whale L1 19 st
- Page 382 and 383: 1282 L2 剣 KEN, tsurugi sword,
- Page 384 and 385: 1289 遣 KEN, tsukau, yaru send, us
- Page 386 and 387: visible’ is presumably a loan usa
- Page 388 and 389: 1301 L1 虎 KO, tora tiger, drunkar
- Page 390 and 391: 1309 顧 KO, kaerimiru look back L1
- Page 392 and 393: OBI , bronze ; seal . The bronze fo
- Page 394 and 395: sociated sense ‘hit, strike’, g
- Page 396 and 397: determinatives (540 in total) there
- Page 398 and 399: 1336 L1 慌 KŌ, awateru/tadashii b
- Page 400 and 401: 1344 衡 KŌ, kubiki scales, yoke L
- Page 402 and 403: 1350 L1 豪 14 GŌSHŪAustralia
- Page 404 and 405: ing the head of an insect, with leg
- Page 406 and 407: 1364 L1 懇 17 KON, nengoro na f
- Page 408 and 409: 1372 砕 SAI, kudaku/keru break, sm
- Page 410 and 411: 1379 L1 塞 13 SAI, SOKU, fusagu ob
- Page 412 and 413: 1387 索 SAKU rope, search L1 10 st
- Page 414 and 415: 1394 L1 撮 SATSU, toru, tsumamu pl
- Page 416 and 417: 1402 L2 伺 7 SHI, ukagau visit, se
1237<br />
緊<br />
KIN<br />
tight, compact, tense<br />
L1<br />
15 strokes<br />
KINCHŌtension<br />
KINKYŪcrisis<br />
KINMITSU compactness<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 29<br />
‘thread/string’, and NJK 臤 (now means ‘hard,<br />
wise’, but bronze form originally depicted a<br />
hand [ 2003] pulling out an eyeball [ 543,<br />
now meaning ‘minister’]) as semantic and<br />
phonetic, meaning ‘pull straight’, to give ‘pull<br />
strings/thread straight’ (Gu), ‘pull strings/thread<br />
tight’ (Ogawa), or ‘bind tight’ (Schuessler).<br />
‘Tense’ is an extended sense. Note: Shirakawa,<br />
who similarly gives the meaning of 臤 as ‘to<br />
destroy an eyeball’, believes it was made part of<br />
a sacrificial ritual when something important<br />
was being sought from the deities. GY2008:<br />
1036,605; OT1968:785; SS1984:212; AS2007:315.<br />
We suggest taking the components literally,<br />
though gruesome.<br />
Mnemonic: HAND PULLS OUT EYEBALL AND<br />
THREADS IT TIGHT – QUITE TENSE<br />
1238<br />
L1<br />
錦<br />
KIN, nishiki<br />
brocade, showy<br />
16 strokes<br />
Kara nishikiChinese brocade<br />
nishikigoicolored carp<br />
nishikiE colored print<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has NJK ‘white<br />
silk, silk cloth’, with 16 ‘gold’ as semantic and<br />
phonetic, giving ‘silk fabric with gold color’.<br />
Tōdō, following an explanation in the Shiming<br />
dictionary of ca. 200AD, treats as indicating<br />
this type of fabric is the most valuable,<br />
just as ‘gold’ is the most valuable metal.<br />
‘Brocade’, a cloth which does not necessarily<br />
use silk, is extended sense. Note: comprises<br />
1232 ‘cloth fragment, cloth’, with<br />
69 ‘white’. GY2008:1609; OT1968:320,315;<br />
MS1995:v1:438-9; TA1965:822.<br />
Mnemonic: GOLD BROCADE ON WHITE<br />
CLOTH IS SHOWY<br />
1239<br />
L1<br />
謹<br />
KIN, tsutsushimu<br />
circumspect<br />
17 strokes<br />
KINGENseriousness<br />
KINKEIDear Sirs<br />
tsutsushinde respectfully<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 118<br />
‘words; speak’, and (‘sacrificial burning’: see<br />
1236) as phonetic with associated sense ‘scant,<br />
sparse; barely’, giving ‘restrain one’s words, be<br />
cautious’. Note: for etymology of , see 1236.<br />
OT1968:939; KJ1970:294; TA1965:695-8. For<br />
explanation of mnemonic, see 1236.<br />
Mnemonic: ODD MASTER USES<br />
CIRCUMSPECT WORDS WHEN GETTING<br />
GRASS IN EYE<br />
1240<br />
襟<br />
KIN, eri<br />
collar, neck, neckband<br />
L1<br />
18 strokes<br />
KYŌKINbosom, heart<br />
KINDOgenerosity<br />
erikubi nape of neck<br />
A late, post-Shuowen graph. Has / 444<br />
‘garment’, and 682 (‘forbid, ban’) as phonetic<br />
with associated sense ‘close, shut’, thus ‘garment<br />
seam’; ‘neckband, collar’ is an extended sense.<br />
OT1968:910; SS1984:213.<br />
Mnemonic: COLLARS ARE BANNED GARMENTS<br />
368 The Remaining 1130 Characters
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