480531170

1214
L2
御
12
GYOSHAcarter
GOYŌyour business
SEIGYO control
GYO, GO, o(n)-, mihandle,
drive, your,
honorable
strokes
OBI ; bronze ; seal . OBI equivalent
and bronze equivalents vary. The bronze form
here has 131 and 143 (usually ‘stop’, but
here denotes movement; and typically
combine later as and then , as in 205,
etc.), and , taken by Katō as phonetic with associated
sense ‘look after horses’ to give ‘horse
groom drives horse’, and by extension in some
bronze texts ‘drive (a chariot)’. and feature
in the above bronze form of , but in the
view of Karlgren and also Mizukami they are
sometimes absent, in which case the bronze
is just the same in some occurrences as for
1074 (q.v.). Use of in its more familiar role
as a respect language prefix is a loan usage,
representing an abbreviation of ‘prevent,
stop’, a meaning illustrated, for instance, in
GYOEN ’Imperial garden’ (i.e. garden with
strictly-controlled access). The sense ‘manage,
control’, as in GYOsuru (idem), reflects a
generalization of the original sense of ; note,
though, that ‘drive/manage horses’ still survives
as a minor sense, often in historical contexts.
Note 1: in Katō’s analysis, consists of
‘kneeling person; submissive’, with (originally
‘pestle, pounder’; see 1074, 122) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘confined’, giving
‘confined slave’ and by extension ‘horse groom’.
Note 2: Several commentators (Mizukami,
Katō) also list bronze forms which include
‘horse’, which they identify as and treat as
an alternative form of . Shirakawa, though,
treats as a separate graph, not as an alternative
form of , and suggests that confusion
arose at some point between the two because
of similar pronunciation. MS1995:v1:486-7;
BK1957:36; KJ1970:849-50; SS1984:185-6.
Mnemonic: HONORABLE BENDING PERSON
HANDLES PESTLE WHILE MOVING
1215
凶
KYŌ
bad luck, disaster
L1
4 strokes
KYŌAKU naatrocious
KYŌSAKUpoor harvest
KIKKYŌ one’s fortune
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Typically analyzed
as ‘open container, open mouth’, and
inner element (seal form) or as phonetic
with associated sense ‘empty’, giving ‘mouth
is empty’, and by extension ‘bad, misfortune’.
An alternative interpretation takes as
representing a hole in the ground, and as a
person stuck in it, again leading to ‘bad’ as an
extended sense (this view noted in Mizukami).
OT1968:108; MS1995:v1:120-21; KJ1970:273.
Mnemonic: X INDICATES BOX IS EMPTY –
WHAT BAD LUCK
1216
叫
KYŌ, sakebu
shout, yell
L2
6 strokes
ZEKKYŌscream
sakebigoea shout, yell
sakebidasu cry out
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 22
‘mouth; speak’, and 丩 898 (‘intertwine’ as phonetic
with associated sense ‘loud’ (Ogawa) or
‘suddenly’ (Katō). The 17 th century Zhengzitong
dictionary treats as a simplified version of
嘂 , a graph listed in Shuowen and explained as
‘call out loud’. Note: in standard Japanese usage,
丩 is three strokes, not two. DJ2009:v1:119,179;
MS1995:v1:12-13; KJ1970:358; OT1968:165.
Suggest 丩 as pitchfork.
Mnemonic: PITCHFORK IN THE MOUTH
RESULTS IN A YELL
362 The Remaining 1130 Characters