480531170

1166
L1
NENKANyearbook
KANSHŌappreciation
kangamite in view of
1167
L2
鑑
23
KAN, kangamiru
take note, heed,
appreciate
strokes
含
GAN, fukumu/meru
include, contain
7 strokes
HŌGANinclusion
GAN’YŪRYŌcontent
fukumete including
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 1159
(originally ‘water mirror’, now ‘watch,’), and
16 ‘metal’ added later to denote ‘metal mirror’
(in early China, typically made of bronze
– see 486). Other meanings for such
as ‘pattern, appreciate’ which evolved later
may be seen as extended senses. SS1984:134;
TA1965:846; OT1968:1052; AS2007:305.
Mnemonic: APPRECIATE METAL MIRROR FOR
WATCHING ONESELF
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 22
‘mouth’, and 138 (‘now’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘cover, hide inside’ (Katō says
‘store’), giving ‘keep/hide in the mouth’. ‘Include’
is an extended sense. MS1995:v1:216-7;
OT1968:170; KJ1970:2.
Mnemonic: NOW CONTAINED IN THE MOUTH
1168
L1
玩
8
GAN, moteasobu
play, toy with,
appreciate
strokes
GANGU/omocha*a toy
AIGANSHAadmirer
GANRŌ surumake sport of
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 15
‘jade, jewel’, and 117 (‘origin, source’,
initially ‘large head’) as phonetic. Associated
sense is taken variously as ‘cup the hands’
(Tōdō), ‘pick up’ (Gu), ‘offer up in the hands’
(Shirakawa), ‘throw (something) down/roll
(something) over’ (Ogawa), but the consensus
regarding the original core meaning of
the graph (except Ogawa) may be summarised
as ‘take a piece of jade in the hands’.
‘Appreciate’, which appears to be an early
extended sense, is now just a minor sense.
It is not clear whether ‘play’ is a loan usage
or an extended sense; Gu takes as the latter.
TA1965:611-19; SS1984:136; OT1968:655;
GY2008:542.
Mnemonic: ORIGINALLY ONE PLAYED WITH
JEWELS, LIKE TOYS
1169
頑
GAN, katakuna
stubborn, dull
L1
13 strokes
GANKO nastubborn
GANKENrobust health
GANbaru persevere
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 103
‘head’, and 117 (initially showing person
with large head, giving ‘head’ as early meaning;
now ‘origin, beginning’) taken as i] as phonetic
with associated sense as ‘not easily controlled’,
and hence ‘stubborn’ (Shirakawa), or ii] as
both semantic (‘crown of the head’, and hence
‘protuberance’) and phonetic, meaning ‘wood
knot difficult to cut out’, and by extension ‘stupid,
stubborn’ (Gu). Katō takes graph as round
head and ‘stubborn’ as borrowed meaning.
SS1984:137; GY2008:983; KJ1985:661.
Mnemonic: A PERSON DULL AND
STUBBORN-HEADED FROM THE BEGINNING
The Remaining 1130 Characters 349