480531170

1154
L1
1155
L1
款
12
KAN
friendship, clause,
engrave
strokes
SHAKKANloan, credit
RAKKANsignature
KANTAIhospitality
Seal forms , . This graph has several
alternative shapes, mostly involving variation
on the left-hand side (e.g. ), with 496
(initially, pictograph of person with mouth
open wide; now meaning ‘lack’). In addition,
Gu lists one form that he treats as the OBI
predecessor, consisting of left-hand (NJK,
originally‘firewood on altar’, now meaning
‘what?’), with right-hand ‘hand’ 2003,
signifying a ritualistic request to the gods to
be granted good fortune. Based on the seal
forms, several other commentators (Katō,
Ogawa) also take the core meaning of this
graph/graph group as involving some sort
of wish (still a meaning in Chinese). Regarding
variation in shape, it is worth observing
that Shuowen notes written with on
閑
KAN
leisure, quiet
12 strokes
KANJIN/himaJINidler
KANSANleisure, quiet
KANSEItranquility
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 231
‘gate’, and 73 ‘wood, tree’, giving original
sense ‘timber for closing gate, bar on gate’;
the left-hand side as an alternative form: it
may well be that an original as top lefthand
element in one form of this graph later
became corrupted to (Ogawa takes this
view). Katō analyzes on the basis of the
seal form in Shuowen as in its early sense
‘(mouth) wide open’, with a left-hand element
(NJK ‘curse’, meaning given in Shuowen as
‘calamity initiated by the gods’) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘pit, cavity, void’, giving
‘what a person longs for’. Through association
with ‘cavity, void’, Katō then takes ‘engrave’
(as in the case of inscriptions traditionally
on artefacts such as bronze bells and vessels)
as an extended sense. Other meanings
such as ‘friendship’ and ‘clause’ are perhaps
best seen as loan usages. GY2008:1365,1163;
KJ1970:305; OT1968:533; DJ2009:v2:704,v1:11;
AS2007:338. We suggest taking this awkward
graph as 521 ‘samurai’, 723 ‘show’, and
496 ‘lack’, fortunately having an easier
mnemonic.
Mnemonic: SAMURAI SHOWS LACK OF
FRIENDSHIP OVER ENGRAVING
‘obstruct’ and ‘defend’ evolved as extended
senses. Use of in the sense ‘leisure’ may have
been a loan usage for an early Chinese word of
that meaning which was homophonous with
the word meaning ‘bar on gate’. GY2008:488;
OT1968:1058; QX2000:193; SS1984:127;
AS2007:529.
Mnemonic: MAKE WOODEN GATE IN QUIET
MOMENT OF LEISURE
1156
勧
KAN, susumeru
encourage, advise
L1
13 strokes
KANKOKUadvice
KANSHŌencouragement
KAN’YŪpersuasion
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen); traditional 勸 .
Has 78 ‘strength, power, effort’, and 468
(‘crested bird’: q.v.) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘strong’, giving ‘make efforts to advance’,
and by extension ‘cause someone to make
efforts to advance’, i.e. ‘encourage’. KJ1970:213;
MS1995:v2:1410-12; OT1968:129.
Mnemonic: ENCOURAGED BY EFFORTS OF
CRESTED BIRD
346 The Remaining 1130 Characters