480531170

842
L3
看
KAN
watch
9 strokes
KANGOFUnurse
KANBANsignboard
KANSHUwarder
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). There are two
types of seal form. One consists of 34 ‘hand’
843
L3
簡
KAN
simple, brief, letter
18 strokes
KANTAN nasimple
SHOKANletter
KANRYAKUconcision
Seal . Has 58 ‘bamboo’, and (the old
form of 100 ‘space, gap’), typically taken as
844
危
KI, abunai
dangerous
L3
6 strokes
KIKIcrisis
KIKENdanger
KIGAIharm
Seal (Shuowen); 厃 (earlier form of ) .
Scholars take 厃 as the simpler form of . 厃
depicts a person kneeling or squatting down
fearfully on top of a cliff or roof; to this, the
later, more complex form adds an additional
845
机
KI, tsukue
desk, table
L3
6 strokes
KIJŌ natheoretical
KIHENaround the table
JIMUtsukueoffice desk
846
L1
揮
12
KI
command, wield,
shake
strokes
HAKKIdisplay
SHIKISHAleader
KIHATSUSEIvolatility
264 The 181 Sixth Grade Characters
over 76 ‘eye’, while the other comprises
‘eye’ with 倝 (‘sun shining high in the sky’: see
667) as phonetic with associated sense ‘watch
stealthily’. The interpretation of both forms is
‘watch with gaze shielded by the hand’ (Katō,
Yamada), though Ogawa says ‘look into the distance’.
YK1976:102; KJ1970:212-3; OT1968:696.
Mnemonic: PUT HAND ABOVE EYE TO WATCH
BETTER
phonetic with associated sense ‘come apart’,
giving ‘loose bamboo (writing) strips’; later generalized
to ‘writing strip, tag’, and by extension
‘book, letter’. Ogawa says associated phonetic
sense is ‘scrape’, to give ‘(bamboo) strip for writing’.
YK1976:107; MS1995:v2:992-3; OT1968:758;
KJ1970:218.
Mnemonic: SIMPLE BRIEF LETTER FOUND IN
SPACE BETWEEN BAMBOO
element for ‘kneel/bend’, (see 789), which
is regarded as both semantic and phonetic
in function. The overall sense ‘kneel/crouch
down fearfully on top of a cliff/roof’ gives rise
to ‘dangerous, afraid’ as the extended sense.
Mizukami also lists a proposed OBI equivalent,
but the shape is not convincing. YK1976:109-10;
MS1995:v1:178-9; KJ1970:249-50; OT1968:146.
We suggest taking as fallen figure.
Mnemonic: CROUCHING MAN PEERS OVER
DANGEROUS CLIFF, THEN FALLS
Seal: ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 73 ‘tree,
wood’, and NJK (originally, pictograph of table
or desk) which serves as semantic and phonetic.
Originally, referred to a type of tree (a
variety of elm), but was borrowed at an early
period for ‘desk, table’. YK1976:110; KJ1970:236;
OT1968:488,107; SS1984:140.
Mnemonic: USE WOODEN TABLE AS DESK
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 490 (‘army’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘shake’, giving ‘shake hands (after washing
or similar, not a handshake)’; the meaning
‘direct, command’ is a loan usage. YK1976:116;
KJ1970:247; OT1968:422.
Mnemonic: ARMY HAND WIELDS COMMAND,
IF SHAKILY