480531170

838
L3
割
KATSU, wari, waru
divide, rate
12 strokes
BUNKATSUdivision
waribikidiscount
wariairate
Bronze ; seal . Has 198 ‘knife/cut’, and
460 (originally ‘helmet’; later ‘harm, damage’)
as phonetic with associated sense ‘open up,
dissect’, to give ‘cut with knife into small pieces’.
YK1976:99; MS1995:v1:134-5; KJ1970:156;
OT1968:120.
Mnemonic: AT ANY RATE, WHEN DIVIDING,
CUT OUT HARMFUL BITS
839
L1
株
10
kabu
stock, share,
stump
strokes
kirikabustump
kabuSHIKIstocks, shares
kabunushistockholder
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 73 ‘tree,
wood’, and 1439 (originally ‘tree trunk’, now
‘vermilion’) as phonetic with associated sense
taken as ‘center of tree is red’ (Yamada), or ‘come
together’ (Ogawa; a reference to where the
branches of a tree all emanate from); Katō also
takes as ‘center of tree’. Later used also for ‘tree
stump’. The meaning ‘stocks, shares (in a company)’
seems to be an extended use which refers
to the central supporting part of a firm/company.YK1976:99-100;
AS2007:625; OT1968:505;
KJ1970:506.
Mnemonic: RED TREE STUMP PROVIDES FIRM
STOCK
840
干
KAN, hosu, hiru
dry, shield
L3
3 strokes
KANCHŌebb tide
hiagarudry up
hoshiNIKUdried meat
OBI . Originally depicted a forked weapon,
possibly made from a tree branch; appears to
be a simpler version of the weapon originally
represented by 569, possibly with a hand-
guard. The later sense ‘shield’ is considered a
loan usage (Ogawa suggests instead that this
occurred through confusion with old forms of
1474, but there is limited similarity in shape).
Yamada considers the meaning ‘dry’ reflects use
of as a loan graph for the more complex
1145 ‘dry’ (homophonous in early Chinese, as
in modern Japanese). OT1968:321; YK1976:100;
MS1995:v1:446-7; KJ1970:202-3; AS2007:248-9.
Mnemonic: FLATTEN FORKED WEAPON FOR
DRYING THE WASHING
841
巻
KAN, maki, maku
roll, reel, volume
L3
9 strokes
DAIIKKANVolume One
makimonoscroll
itomakibobbin
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional
form: . Has 41 ‘person kneeling’ (Katō and
Yamada take here with extended sense ‘bent
knee’), and (originally ‘scatter grain seeds
by hand’: see 688) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘shape into ball, bend, curve’, to give
overall meaning ‘bent knee’; later generalized
to ‘bend, wind’. Traditionally in China and Japan,
books were made by binding into rolls, hence
the meaning ‘(book) volume’ also. YK1976:102;
MS1995:v1:176-7; KJ1970:178-9; OT1968:147.
As with 688, we suggest taking as ‘two’ 65,
‘fires’ 8, and ‘self’ 866.
Mnemonic: ROLL ONESELF UP BETWEEN
TWO FIRES
The 181 Sixth Grade Characters 263