480531170

813
L3
貿
BŌ
trade, exchange
12 strokes
BŌEKIGYŌtrading
BŌEKIFŪtrade wind
BŌEKISHAtrader
Bronze ; seal . Has 10 ‘shell currency/
money’, and (NJK ‘hare’ [zodiac sign], see
also 824 and 2080; originally, ‘horse’s bit and
fittings’ [Katō], or ‘split in two, force open’
[Gu, Mizukami]), as phonetic with associated
sense ‘exchange’, giving ‘exchange goods with
currency’. Mizukami also notes the alternative
interpretation of favored by Tōdō as phonetic
with the associated sense ‘seek something
unreasonably from another’, to give ‘look for
profit unreasonably from another’. YK1976:458;
MS1995:v1:178-9,v2:1238-9; KJ1970:769-70;
TA1965:241; GY2008:183. We suggest taking
the components on top as sword 198 and
as a symbol of being bent.
Mnemonic: EXCHANGE BENT SWORD FOR
MONEY IN TRADE DEAL
814
L3
暴
15
BŌ, BAKU,
abareru/ku
violence, expose
strokes
BŌRYOKUviolence
BAKUROexposure
abaremonoroughneck
Seal forms i] , ii] . Seal forms vary in shape
(Yamada lists three, including i] and ii]). Amidst
such variation, the form with 220 ‘rice’ is
considered to be the correct semantic element,
combining with another component; Qiu notes
that the form with occurs on Qin dynasty
(221-206BC) bamboo slips (clerical script).
Commentators vary in their interpretation of
the component which is combined with ,
but those proposed, which include 曓 (‘sud-
den illness’) (Yamada), are taken as serving as
phonetic with associated sense ‘expose to the
sun’, giving the overall sense ‘dry rice by exposing
to the sun’; later, the sense was generalized
to ‘expose to the sun’. Mizukami lists what he
treats as a bronze equivalent for which is of
different structure, being ‘sun’ with an element
thought to represent an animal, again
meaning ‘expose to the sun’, in this case as a
sacrifice. The meaning ‘violence’ is probably
a loan usage. In the block script form , the
bottom element is in error for . YK1976:458-9;
MS1995:v1:626-7; QX2000:200-01; KJ1970:776-
7; OT1968:474. We suggest taking the components
as 66 ‘sun’, 484 ‘together’, and 氺 as
‘insufficient water’ ( 42).
Mnemonic: EXPOSED TO VIOLENT SUN
TOGETHER WITH INSUFFICIENT WATER
815
務
MU, tsutomeru
(perform) duties
L3
11 strokes
GIMUduty
JIMUSHOoffice
SHOKUMUjob duties
Bronze ; seal . Has 78 ‘strength, effort’
added at seal stage, and CO 敄 (itself comprising
] 112 ‘hit with stick [or similar]’/‘force’,
with [another form of ‘halberd/lance’] as phonetic
with associated sense ‘actively do some-
thing’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘force
to do/forced work’, giving overall sense ‘endeavor
to do compulsory work’; later generalized
to ‘endeavour’ or ‘allotted work’. Mizukami also
lists an alternative interpretation of 敄 as having
the associated sense ‘make progress despite
obstacles’, to give ‘strain to accomplish difficult
work’. YK1976:466; MS1995:v1:140-41,570-71;
KJ1970:863.
Mnemonic: FANCY LANCE FORCES EFFORT IN
PERFORMING DUTY
256 The 185 Fifth Grade Characters