480531170
796 L1 俵 HYŌ, tawara sack, bag 10 strokes IPPYŌone bag komedawararice sack DOHYŌsandbag, sumo ring Seal ; late graph (Yupian). Has 41 person’, and 402 (‘surface, list, appear’) as phonetic. Most commentators do not give an associated sense for . One exception is Katō, who refers to a light illness quickly recovered from; and Yamada, who says ‘move nimbly’, giving an overall sense ‘nimble person’, on the basis that is perhaps a variant form of another graph similar in pronunciation, i.e. 僄 , CO meaning ‘light, nimble’; Katō shares this view. In the Yupian dictionary the meaning of is noted as ‘distribute’, though Katō notes was also sometimes used in Han time texts in the sense of . In Japanese only, is used exclusively with a different meaning, i.e. ‘bag, sack (for rice, etc.)’. The word DOHYŌ () means ‘sumo wrestling ring’ as well as ‘bag filled with sand (or similar)’, but this just reflects the fact that traditionally the ring is formed with sandbags. The explanation for use of for ‘sack, bag’ in Japanese may be that originally referred to an enveloping outer garment, and similarly a bag or sack is itself an enveloping cover. YK1976:427-8; KJ1970:843-4; SS1984:725; KJ1985:42-3. Mnemonic: PERSONS APPEARING ON LIST GET A BAG 797 評 HYŌ Seal ; late graph. Has 118 ‘words, speech’, criticism, and 411 (‘flat, even, calm’) as semantic L3 comment and phonetic, to give ‘fair words’; ‘by extension, senses such as ‘comment on’ and ‘judge’. 12 strokes YK1976:428; KJ1970:847; OT1968:926. HYŌKAappraisal Mnemonic: CALM WORDS ARE FAIR HYŌBANreputation AKUHYŌnotoriety COMMENTS 798 貧 HIN, BIN, mazushii Seal: ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 10 ‘shell poor, meager currency, valuables’, and 218 as semantic L3 11 strokes and phonetic, meaning ‘divide up, disperse’; overall sense is therefore ‘assets are dispersed’, HINKETSUanaemia i.e. ‘indigent, poor’. YK1976:430; KJ1970:811-12; HINKONpoverty OT1968:954. BINBŌNINpauper Mnemonic: MONEY DIVIDED, SO NOW POOR 799 L1 布 FU, nuno cloth 5 strokes MŌFUblanket FUTONquilt, bedding nunojicloth Bronze ; seal . Has 1232 ‘(piece of) cloth’, and 216 ‘father’ as semantic and phonetic (original sense being ‘strike [with stone ax]’), to give ‘cloth made by beating’, i.e. ‘hemp cloth’; later, cloth in general. Mizukami also notes the alternative interpretation of here as phonetic with associated sense ‘flat and thin’, to give ‘flat, thin cloth’, but the first analysis here seems persuasive. YK1976:432; MS1995:v1:436-7; KJ1970:814. Mnemonic: FATHER’S HAND HOLDS BEATEN CLOTH The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 251
800 L3 婦 FU woman, wife 11 strokes FUJINwoman SHUFUhousewife FUCHŌchief nurse OBI ; seal . Has 37 ‘woman’, and (‘broom’: see 106) as phonetic with associated sense either ‘embellish/adorn’, to give ‘embellished female’ (Katō, Yamada), or ‘accompany closely’, giving ‘woman who accompanies (husband) closely’ (Tōdō). In early texts (esp 801 富 FU, FŪ, tomi, tomu wealth, riches L3 12 strokes FUYŪwealth tomikujilottery FUJISANMt Fuji Bronze ; seal . Has 30 ‘roof, building’, and 畐 409 (‘[full] wide-necked jar’) as pho- 802 武 BU, MU military, warrior L3 8 strokes BUSHIDŌwarrior code BUKIweapon MUSHAwarrior OBI ; seal . Interpretations diverge. One analysis takes 143 ‘stop’, here in its original sense of ‘footprint’, and the second component 545 ‘halberd’ (Qiu says ‘dagger-ax’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘stride’, giving ‘one OBI), often written , without the element . Katō and Tōdō state that in ancient China this graph originally meant ‘daughter-in-law’; the meaning later becoming more generalized. The alternative, more direct interpretation as ‘woman’ with ‘broom’ is difficult to rule out, given, for instance, the uncertainty of whether one of the elements in 708 ‘wife’ represents ‘hairpins’ on the one hand or ‘broom’ on the other. YK1976:433-4; MS1995:v1:336-7; KJ1970:253-4,251. Mnemonic: WOMAN HOLDING BROOM IN HAND IS PROBABLY A WIFE netic with associated sense ‘abundant, full’, to give ‘house/household of abundance’; meaning later generalized to ‘abundant, wealthy’. KJ1970:827-8; MS1995:v1:382-3; OT1968:281; YK1976:434. Suggest taking lower components as 1, ‘one/single’, 22 ‘mouth/entrance’ and 63 ‘field’. Mnemonic: HOUSE AT SINGLE ENTRANCE TO FIELD GROWS WEALTHY stride’ (Yamada, Ogawa); in this view, militaryorientated meanings are regarded as loan usages. Mizukami notes the alternative treatment, which takes in its other original – and more active – sense of ‘foot’ (Shirakawa regards this component here as an abbreviation of 221 ‘walk’), combining with ‘halberd’, to give ‘advance with halberds’; in this treatment, ‘warrior’ is an extended meaning. YK1976:434-5; OT1968:538; MS1995:v1:704-5; QX2000:155. Mnemonic: WARRIOR WITH HALBERD STOPS 803 L3 復 FUKU again, repeat 12 strokes FUKKATSUrevival KAIFUKUrecovery FUKUSHŪrevision OBI Bronze ; seal . Interpretations vary. The OBI form ( 复 ), the original way of writ- ing , consists of two elements. Scholars are divided over whether to take the lower one as originally (Shirakawa, Gu), normally understood as ‘walk slowly, drag the foot’, or as ‘descending foot’ (Katō [for some occurrences], Yamada) (for and , see Appendix). Despite such divergence, this lower ‘foot’ element is taken to mean a type of motion. The upper element is typically analysed as a pictograph 252 The 185 Fifth Grade Characters
- Page 202 and 203: 614 牧 BOKU, maki OBI ; seal . Has
- Page 204 and 205: 621 L3 約 9 YAKU promise, approx.,
- Page 206 and 207: 628 L3 良 RYŌ, yoi good 7 stro
- Page 208 and 209: 636 L3 歴 REKI history, path 14 st
- Page 210 and 211: THE 185 FIFTH GRADE CHARACTERS 641
- Page 212 and 213: 647 L3 易 8 EKI, I, yasui, yasa
- Page 214 and 215: 654 L1 恩 ON favor, kindness 10 st
- Page 216 and 217: 660 L1 賀 GA congratulations 12 st
- Page 218 and 219: 667 L1 668 L3 幹 KAN, miki trun
- Page 220 and 221: 674 L1 義 GI righteousness 13 s
- Page 222 and 223: 682 L3 禁 KIN forbid, ban 13 st
- Page 224 and 225: 690 L3 検 KEN investigate 12 strok
- Page 226 and 227: sense, i.e. ‘test by comparison
- Page 228 and 229: (original Peking Palace woodblock e
- Page 230 and 231: 713 L3 罪 ZAI, tsumi crime, sin 13
- Page 232 and 233: 720 L3 師 SHI teacher, model, a
- Page 234 and 235: 726 L4 質 SHITSU, SHICHI, CHI q
- Page 236 and 237: 733 L3 準 JUN level, conform, quas
- Page 238 and 239: 741 L3 情 11 JŌ, SEI, nasake feel
- Page 240 and 241: 749 製 SEI Seal ; late graph (Shuo
- Page 242 and 243: 757 L1 銭 SEN, zeni sen, coin, mon
- Page 244 and 245: 764 L3 則 SOKU, nori, nottoru rule
- Page 246 and 247: 772 L3 団 DANgodumpling FUTONfu
- Page 248 and 249: 780 L1 統 TŌ, suberu supervise, l
- Page 250 and 251: 788 破 HA, yaburu/reru Seal ; late
- Page 254 and 255: of two vessels (one upright and the
- Page 256 and 257: 810 L3 報 HŌ, mukuiru report,
- Page 258 and 259: 816 L3 夢 MU, yume dream 13 stroke
- Page 260 and 261: 824 L3 留 10 RYŪ, RU, tomaru/meru
- Page 262 and 263: 830 映 EI, utsuru/su, haeru reflec
- Page 264 and 265: 838 L3 割 KATSU, wari, waru div
- Page 266 and 267: 847 L1 貴 KI, tattoi/bu, tōtoi
- Page 268 and 269: 854 L1 筋 KINNIKUmuscle sujimi
- Page 270 and 271: 862 L3 権 15 KEN, GON right, au
- Page 272 and 273: 869 L1 后 6 KŌ, GO, kisaki empres
- Page 274 and 275: 877 L3 骨 KOTSU, hone bone, frame
- Page 276 and 277: 885 L1 蚕 SAN, kaiko silkworm 1
- Page 278 and 279: 893 L1 射 SHA, iru shoot 10 stroke
- Page 280 and 281: 900 L1 就 12 SHŪ, JU, tsuku take
- Page 282 and 283: 907 L3 処 SHO deal with, place
- Page 284 and 285: 914 L3 城 JŌ, shiro castle 9 stro
- Page 286 and 287: 922 L1 聖 SEISHObible SEIJIN sa
- Page 288 and 289: 930 L1 奏 9 SŌ, kanaderu play ins
- Page 290 and 291: 938 存 SON, ZON senses ‘not move
- Page 292 and 293: 946 値 CHI, atai, ne price, value
- Page 294 and 295: 953 L3 賃 CHIN wages, fee 13 st
- Page 296 and 297: 961 L3 乳 NYŪ, chichi, chi bre
- Page 298 and 299: 968 L1 肺 HAI lung(s) 9 strokes
- Page 300 and 301: 976 L1 奮 FUN, furuu be excited, s
800<br />
L3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
婦<br />
FU<br />
woman, wife<br />
11 strokes<br />
FUJINwoman<br />
SHUFUhousewife<br />
FUCHŌchief nurse<br />
OBI ; seal . Has 37 ‘woman’, and <br />
(‘broom’: see 106) as phonetic with associated<br />
sense either ‘embellish/adorn’, to give ‘embellished<br />
female’ (Katō, Yamada), or ‘accompany<br />
closely’, giving ‘woman who accompanies<br />
(husband) closely’ (Tōdō). In early texts (esp<br />
801<br />
富<br />
FU, FŪ, tomi, tomu<br />
wealth, riches<br />
L3<br />
12 strokes<br />
FUYŪwealth<br />
tomikujilottery<br />
FUJISANMt Fuji<br />
Bronze ; seal . Has 30 ‘roof, building’,<br />
and 畐 409 (‘[full] wide-necked jar’) as pho-<br />
802<br />
武<br />
BU, MU<br />
military, warrior<br />
L3<br />
8 strokes<br />
BUSHIDŌwarrior code<br />
BUKIweapon<br />
MUSHAwarrior<br />
OBI ; seal . Interpretations diverge. One<br />
analysis takes 143 ‘stop’, here in its original<br />
sense of ‘footprint’, and the second component<br />
545 ‘halberd’ (Qiu says ‘dagger-ax’) as phonetic<br />
with associated sense ‘stride’, giving ‘one<br />
OBI), often written , without the element .<br />
Katō and Tōdō state that in ancient China this<br />
graph originally meant ‘daughter-in-law’; the<br />
meaning later becoming more generalized.<br />
The alternative, more direct interpretation as<br />
‘woman’ with ‘broom’ is difficult to rule<br />
out, given, for instance, the uncertainty of<br />
whether one of the elements in 708 ‘wife’<br />
represents ‘hairpins’ on the one hand or ‘broom’<br />
on the other. YK1976:433-4; MS1995:v1:336-7;<br />
KJ1970:253-4,251.<br />
Mnemonic: WOMAN HOLDING BROOM IN<br />
HAND IS PROBABLY A WIFE<br />
netic with associated sense ‘abundant, full’, to<br />
give ‘house/household of abundance’; meaning<br />
later generalized to ‘abundant, wealthy’.<br />
KJ1970:827-8; MS1995:v1:382-3; OT1968:281;<br />
YK1976:434. Suggest taking lower components<br />
as 1, ‘one/single’, 22 ‘mouth/entrance’ and<br />
63 ‘field’.<br />
Mnemonic: HOUSE AT SINGLE ENTRANCE TO<br />
FIELD GROWS WEALTHY<br />
stride’ (Yamada, Ogawa); in this view, militaryorientated<br />
meanings are regarded as loan usages.<br />
Mizukami notes the alternative treatment,<br />
which takes in its other original – and more<br />
active – sense of ‘foot’ (Shirakawa regards this<br />
component here as an abbreviation of 221<br />
‘walk’), combining with ‘halberd’, to give<br />
‘advance with halberds’; in this treatment,<br />
‘warrior’ is an extended meaning. YK1976:434-5;<br />
OT1968:538; MS1995:v1:704-5; QX2000:155.<br />
Mnemonic: WARRIOR WITH HALBERD STOPS<br />
803<br />
L3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
復<br />
FUKU<br />
again, repeat<br />
12 strokes<br />
FUKKATSUrevival<br />
KAIFUKUrecovery<br />
FUKUSHŪrevision<br />
OBI Bronze ; seal . Interpretations vary.<br />
The OBI form ( 复 ), the original way of writ-<br />
ing , consists of two elements. Scholars are<br />
divided over whether to take the lower one as<br />
originally (Shirakawa, Gu), normally understood<br />
as ‘walk slowly, drag the foot’, or as <br />
‘descending foot’ (Katō [for some occurrences],<br />
Yamada) (for and , see Appendix). Despite<br />
such divergence, this lower ‘foot’ element is<br />
taken to mean a type of motion. The upper<br />
element is typically analysed as a pictograph<br />
252 The 185 Fifth Grade Characters
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