480531170

768
L3
損
SON, sokonau
loss, spoil, miss
13 strokes
SONSHITSUloss
SONGAIdakadamages
iisokonaislip of tongue
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 248 (‘member, official’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘take away/take away a part’,
to give ‘take away with the hand, reduce’. ‘Loss,
damage’ is an extended sense. KJ1970:652-3;
YK1976:340; OT1968:426.
Mnemonic: OFFICIAL HAS HAND MISSING – A
SERIOUS LOSS
769
L3
退
TAI, shirizoku/keru
retreat, withdraw
9 strokes
KŌTAIretreat
TAISHOKUretirement
TAIIabdication
Seal forms include , . Analyses vary, but
the most convincing takes the first seal form as
comprising 131 ‘move, go’, and 66 ‘sun’,
with ‘foot going down’ (see 213), to give ‘sun
goes down’, and by extension ‘retreat’. The sec-
ond seal form here has 85 ‘move, go’, and this
reflects a widely discernible feature in the older
forms of certain graphs, which exhibit variation
between and the semantically close .
Mizukami looks to identify two possible bronze
forms for . Distinguish here from the
same-shaped element ‘stop and stare back’ in
281 ‘silver’ (though a useful mnemonic), and
from 628 ‘good’. YK1976:344; KJ1970:665;
MS1995:v1:484-5.
Mnemonic: STOP AND STARE, THEN MOVE
BACK IN RETREAT
770
貸
TAI, kasu
lend, loan
L4
12 strokes
TAIHIloan
kashiKINloan
kashiyahouse to let
Seal . Has 10 ‘shell/currency/money’,
and 358 (‘replace’, ‘fee’) as phonetic, taken
either as ‘give’, meaning ‘give money/valuables’
(Katō, Yamada) or as ‘in turn’, meaning
‘one person lends and another borrows’ (Tōdō,
Ogawa). Yamada lists a possible bronze form
also. KJ1970:889; YK1976:345; TA1965:90-92;
OT1968:955.
Mnemonic: LOAN IS REPLACEMENT MONEY
771
L1
態
TAI, waza, zama
appearance, intent
14 strokes
TAIDOattitude
TAISEIposition
wazawazapurposely
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 164
‘mind, heart’, and 787 (‘ability, can’) as
phonetic with associated sense taken as ‘good,
beautiful’ (Katō, Yamada), to give ‘good/beautiful
mind’; the sense ‘appearance, state’ is taken
as a loan usage by Yamada, but Katō sees it as
a generalized sense. One of the more difficult
graphs to analyze satisfactorily. YK1976:345-6;
KJ1970:662-3.
Mnemonic: ONE WHO IS INTENT HAS AP-
PEARANCE OF ABLE MIND
244 The 185 Fifth Grade Characters