480531170

674
L1
義
GI
righteousness
13 strokes
SHUGIprinciple, ism/-ism
GIRIjustice
IGIsignificance
OBI ; seal . Widely taken as comprising
426 ‘sheep’ in slightly abbreviated form, itself an
abbreviation of 398 ‘beautiful’ (q.v.), and
833 (originally a weapon such as halberd [545],
battle-ax, or saw, modern sense ‘I, self’) as pho-
675
L3
逆
GYAKU, sakarau
reverse, oppose
9 strokes
GYAKKŌretrogression
GYAKUSETSUparadox
HANGYAKUtreason
OBI ; seal . Has ’walk/go’ 85, and 屰
(may originally show a person upside-down,
though Mizukami notes alternative as winter
676
久
KYŪ, KU, hisashii
long time, lasting
L3
3 strokes
EIKYŪpermanence
KUON*eternity
hisashiburiafter long time
677
L3
旧
KYŪ
old, past
5 strokes
KYŪYŪold friend
KYŪHA‘old school’
KYŪSHIKIold style
OBI ; seal ; traditional . Has CO ,
generally taken by commentators as a type of
crested or horned owl (distinguished from CO
, a separate graph meaning a type of plant),
and (originally, pictograph of a mortar [receptacle
for crushing or grinding]) as phonetic,
serving here as onomatopoeic for a bird cry.
netic with associated sense ‘dance, rite’, to give
‘beautiful dance/rite’. Ogawa explains this as a
dance performed before/for the gods, meaning
fitting behavior and hence ‘the correct way’.
Shirakawa, though, takes the two elements in
this graph literally as ‘sheep’ and ‘saw’, meaning
sacrifice a sheep; such a sheep would be
a fine specimen, leading to the sense ‘correct’.
MS1995:v2:1042-3; OT1968:799; KJ1970:142;
SS1984:162.
Mnemonic: I MYSELF, AND MY SHEEP, STAND
FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS
tree without leaves, and Yamada and Katō take
屰 as in error). Despite divergences, righthand
phonetic is taken as associated sense
‘meet, greet’, giving ‘go out to meet/greet’.
‘Contrary, oppose’ are seen as loan usages.
SS1984:169; MS1995 ref.:v1:414-5; KJ1970:361-
2; MS1995:v2:1288-9; YK1976:121; QX2000:185;
Mnemonic: FUNNY UPSIDE-DOWN MAN
MOVES IN REVERSE
Seal . Has 41 ‘person’, and a stroke similar
to typically taken to mean ‘hold back’, giving
‘stop, stand still’; by extension ‘be late’, and then
‘long time’. Gu, however, takes it as person with
bundle of traditional Chinese herbs placed behind,
for moxibustion; in this view, ‘long time’ is
a loan use. KJ1970:258; YK1976:122; OT1968:24;
GY2008:37.
Mnemonic: STOOPING PERSON PROPPED UP
FOR A LONG TIME
The sense ‘old’ is loan usage. Note: the
distinction above between the two graphs with
meaningful variation in the shape of the elements
is a subtle one normally not supported
in modern computerized fonts, and not
always consistently even in pre-modern character
dictionaries in China: graphs in the 53
(‘plants’) section in the late 17th century Zhengzitong
(a predecessor to Kangxi zidian) provide
some examples of this. MS1995:v2:1094-5;
OT1968:1080; YK1976:123; MR2007:293;
ZY2009:v3:1087; AS2007:321. Suggest taking
as ‘one’ and as ‘day’ 66.
Mnemonic: ONE DAY OLD
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 219