480531170

667
L1
668
L3
幹
KAN, miki
trunk, main
13 strokes
KANSENtrunk line
KANBUleaders
KANJImanager
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Interpretations
differ somewhat. The original form in Shuowen
is , where the meaning is given as wooden
posts standing firmly in the ground at each end
when building a fence; the graph comprises
73 ‘tree’, with the element 倝 (disputed sense
as phonetic here) in the variant form , which
shows 41 ‘person’, in one of its modified
shapes as . 倝 (or the variant), which is often
taken as originally meaning ‘sun rising up’ (Mizukami,
Katō, Yamada), is taken by Katō and
Yamada as a phonetic with associated sense
‘base, stem’, to give ‘trunk/stem (rising up)’;
慣
KAN, nareru
become used to
14 strokes
SHŪKANhabit, custom
KANREIconvention
yonaretaworldly-wise
Seal form A ( 遦 ) ; seal form B ( 摜 ) ; itself
is a late variant. 遦 (CO; has ’walk along road,
go’ 85) and 摜 (CO; has ‘hand’ 34) are both
defined in Shuowen as ‘familiar with’ or ‘custom’.
In both graphs, the element (‘pierce’ 1148)
is phonetic with associated sense ‘accumu-
669
L1
眼
GAN, manako
eye
11 strokes
SŌGANKYŌbinoculars
NIKUGANnaked eye
chimanakobloodshot eyes
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Views vary. Most
scholars take 76 ‘eye’, and 281 (NJK ‘stop’,
originally ‘hostility’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘round’, to give ‘eyeball’, and also
‘eye’ (Katō, Yamada); this view is supported by
Schuessler, who sees the graph as represent-
Shirakawa, by contrast, interprets as a flagpole
topped with a good luck symbol and banner
(Ogawa also says ‘flagpole’), and follows the
Shuowen view in regarding two such flagpoles
being used for fence-building. Qiu considers
that the element 倝 in its variant form was
poorly recognized as a phonetic, a point which
no doubt led to substitution of (modern
meaning ‘dry’: see 840) as phonetic instead,
creating originally as a popular variant of
. Either interpretation of 倝 still leads to
the basic sense ‘rising high’, which together
with gives ‘tree/pole rising high’, and hence
‘trunk, main part’. DJ2009:v2:469; KJ1970:102;
MS1995:v1:70-71; YK1976:104; OT1968:324;
ZY2009:v1:30,v2:526; QX2000:170. As a mnemonic
we suggest taking as 66 ‘sun’ rising
through ‘plants’ 53.
Mnemonic: PERSON DRIES TRUNK AS SUN
RISES THROUGH PLANTS
late’. For 遦 , Katō suggests original meaning
‘conduct by accumulating (actions)’, and for 摜
‘become proficient using hands’. For , listed
in Yupian (6th century), Yamada suggests taking
as ‘become proficient by accumulating in the
mind’. Not clear, though, whether these graph
variations reflected actual meaning differences.
KJ1970:337; YK1976:105; TA1965:640-42;
DJ2009:v1:142,v3:986; AS2007:266. We suggest
taking elements 1148 ‘pierce’, 10 ‘shellmoney’,
and 164 ‘heart, mind’.
Mnemonic: BECOME USED TO HAVING HEART
PIERCED OVER SHELL-MONEY
ing an early Chinese (Late Han) word for ‘knob,
bulge’, and a related near-homophone of that
for ‘eyeball, eye’. Ogawa has a different view,
taking as having associated sense ‘division’,
to mean ‘eye cavity’ – presumably ‘eye socket’.
Despite divergence in analysis, all scholars take
as coming to mean ‘eye’ as a general term,
like 76, though the two graphs are differentiated
in modern written Japanese (and Chinese).
KJ1970:215-6; YK1976:108-9; AS2007:555;
OT1968:700. Take as variant ‘good’ 628.
Mnemonic: KEEP A GOOD EYE OPEN
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 217