480531170

632
L3
類
RUI
resemble, sort, variety
18 strokes
SHURUIsort, kind
BUNRUI classification
RUIJIresemblance
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Usually taken as 19 ‘dog’, with (CO, originally,
‘foolish head’; by extension ‘difficult to
distinguish’, then ‘similar, look alike’ [Mizukami])
as phonetic with associated sense ‘raccoon’, to
give original meaning ‘raccoon-like creature’
(Katō, Yamada). The senses ‘similar; variety, sort’
are loan usages. Shirakawa, by contrast, seeks
to give a ritualistic interpretation to the origin
of the graph , arguing that rice ( 220) and
dogs () were offered to the gods. KJ1970:914;
YK1976:501; MS1995:1444-5; SS1984:895. Suggest
taking 103 ‘head’, 220 ‘rice’, and
56 ‘big’.
Mnemonic: VARIETY OF RICE WITH BIG HEAD
633
令
REI, RYŌ
order, rule
L3
5 strokes
REIJŌwarrant
MEIREIHŌ imperative
SHIREIKANcommander
OBI ; seal . OBI form has lower element
‘person kneeling’, and upper element with
associated sense ‘shout loudly’, to give ‘summon
a subordinate/retainer’, and by extension
‘order’. In Shang times and early into the
first millennium BC, this graph was used to
represent two separate words: one as described
above, the other a different but probably
related word also meaning ‘order’ and later ‘life’
also (subsequently written as 416). This is
one of a small number of graphs in modern
Japanese script the handwritten shape of which
differs somewhat from the printed equivalent.
MS1995:v1:46-7,224-5; KJ1970:177; YK1976:501;
AS2007:361,387. Suggest taking as cap, and
lower part as kneeling person.
Mnemonic: KNEELING PERSON ORDERED TO
PUT ON CAP – IT’S THE RULE
634
L3
冷
REI, sameru/masu,
tsumetai, hieru/yasu
freeze, cold
7 strokes
REIZŌrefrigeration
REISEI cool-headed
hieSHŌsensitive to cold
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has ice 401,
and 633 (‘rule’) as phonetic, but associated
sense disputed. is taken either as i] ‘shiver’
(Katō, Yamada), or as ii] ‘clear’ (Ogawa, Tōdō); i]
gives ‘coldness of ice to make a person shiver’,
while ii] gives ‘clear/bright cold’ or ‘ice which
is clear/transparent’. KJ1970:915; YK1976:502;
OT1968:915; TA1965:475-7.
Mnemonic: ICE RULES IN FREEZING COLD
635
L3
例
REIGAIexception
ZENREI precedent
tatoebafor example
REI, tatoeru
example, liken, precedent
8 strokes
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 ‘person’,
and 437 (‘line’) as semantic and phonetic,
meaning ‘lined up’, to give ‘people lined up’. Lining
up involves a degree of organization and arrangement,
and this appears to have given rise
to extended senses such as ‘usage/precedent’
and ‘example/likening’. KJ1970:922; YK1976:502;
OT1968:62.
Mnemonic: PEOPLE IN LINE ARE AN EXAMPLE
OF FOLLOWING PRECEDENT
206 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters