480531170

578
L3
的
8
TEKI, mato
target, -like, adjectival
suffix
strokes
MOKUTEKIaim, purpose
RISŌTEKIideal
matohazureoff-target
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Seal form has 66
‘sun’, and (‘ladle; traditional unit of measure’, in
Jōyō kanji List 1981, excluded 2010) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘white, bright’, to give
579
L1
典
TEN, nori
code, rule, precedent
8 strokes
JITENdictionary
TENKYOauthority
TENKEImodel, type
Bronze ; seal . Bronze form has upper element
showing strips of early writing material
(turtle shell) bound together as a volume, placed
on top of lower element which is a stand/desk.
580
伝
DEN, tsutaeru/waru
convey, transmit
L3
6 strokes
DENSETSUlegend
DENKIbiography
tsutaekikuhear a rumor
OBI ; seal ; traditional . Has 41 ‘person’,
and 925 (traditional form of modern ‘sole,
main’; originally pictograph of hand holding
device with string wound round); here, this latter
element functions as phonetic with associated
581
徒
TO, ada, itazura
follower, futile
L3
10 strokes
SEITOpupil
TOHOSHApedestrian
adabanawasted effort
Bronze ; seal . Has (‘foot, footprint’, comprising
as abbreviation of 131 ‘crossroads,
go’ with 143 ‘foot/stop/move’) ‘tread/step
along a road’, and 64 (‘ground’) as phonetic
‘bright sunlight’. Block script has this graph with
69 ‘white’, not , and is treated in Kangxi
zidian as a later variant form of 旳 ; the meaning
range ‘white, bright’ for may have led to this
change between seal and block script. Katō and
Yamada suggest the meaning ‘target’ derives
from targets having been white. Meanings such
as ‘-like’ (to form adjectives) and – in Chinese –
for other grammatical elements represent loan
usage. KJ1970:720; YK1976:375; OT1968:687;
AS2007:631.
Mnemonic: WHITE LADLE MAKES GOOD TARGET
Ogawa takes the text on the stand as a precious
book, thereby giving extended senses such
as ‘code, rule; model’, while Yamada and Katō
see the extended senses as related to other
near-homophones meaning ‘place, put’. Though
earliest form for itself is bronze, there are
many OBI occurrences for upper element
884 (‘bound volume’). OT1968:98; KJ1970:726;
YK1976:378; MS1995:v1:108-9; AS2007:211,498.
Mnemonic: LOOSELY BOUND WRITING-
TABLETS ON DESK ARE CODE OF RULES
sense interpreted variously as ‘replace what precedes;
relay runner’ (Katō, Yamada, Mizukami), or
‘move (something) elsewhere/transfer to someone
else’ (Ogawa), or – a further alternative listed
by Mizukami – ‘move/move (something) with a
rolling motion’. Despite the differences, any one
of these analyses still leads to ‘convey, transmit’
as an extended sense. KJ1970:630; YK1976:381;
MS1995:v1:80-81; OT1968:50. Suggest as ‘two’
65 and as noses.
Mnemonic: TWO PERSONS NOSE-TO-NOSE
TRANSMITTING SOMETHING
with associated sense ‘tread/step’ reinforcing
, thus ‘walk along a road’. seems to have
acquired the extended sense ‘foot-soldiers’ at an
early period, no doubt along with ‘follower, companion,
apprentice’. ‘Futile’ might perhaps refer
to those unable to keep up, including even in a
metaphoric sense. MS1995:1280-83; KJ1970:730,
YK1976:382; OT1968:351. Take as 179 ‘run’
with 131 as ‘go, road’.
Mnemonic: FOLLOWER RUNS FUTILELY
ALONG THE ROAD
192 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters