480531170
574 L1 腸 CHŌ, harawata intestine(s) 13 strokes CHŌSEN(cat) gut CHŌEN enteritis DAICHŌlarge intestine Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has () 209 ‘flesh’, and 161 (CO, ‘sun rises high’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘long’, to give ‘long body part’, i.e. ‘intestines’. KJ1970:880; YK1976:368; OT1968:825. Mnemonic: FLESHY INTESTINES EXPOSED TO RISING SUN 575 L4 低 TEI, hikui low 7 strokes SAITEIlowest TEIRI low interest rate TEIRAKUdecline Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Analyses vary. Has 41 ‘person’, and disputed element (interpreted as either ‘base of small hill’, or ‘spoon touching bottom of plate’ > ‘down low’, ‘scrape’) as semantic and phonetic (see 522 ‘clan’). Former view (Katō, Yamada) gives ‘those who 576 L3 底 TEI, soko bottom, base 8 strokes KAITEIsea-bed OKUsokodepths TEIRYŪunder-current Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 127 ‘house, building’, and (either ‘base of small hill’, or ‘spoon touching bottom of plate’ > ‘down low’) as semantic and phonetic, mean- 577 停 TEI stop L3 11 strokes TEISHIstoppage TEISHAJOstation TEIDENpower cut live lower down, servants’, as opposed to the nobility; adherents of the other view (Ogawa, Tōdō) take to mean ‘short person’. In both cases, ‘short, low’ is an extended sense generalized from original meaning. Mizukami lists both views for the element . KJ1970:713-4; YK1976:372; TA1965:749-52; OT1968:55; MS1995:v2:724-6. Suggest taking as ‘clan’ with bottom line beneath, and 41 as ‘persons, people’. Mnemonic: PEOPLE OF THAT CLAN ARE VERY LOW – BOTTOM-LINE IN FACT ing ‘dwelling at foot of hill’ (see 575). Yamada takes ‘lowest part, bottom’ as loan usage, but it can alternatively be seen as extended sense through generalization. Ogawa takes differently, as phonetic only with associated sense ‘stop, stay’; in this view, ‘bottom’ is loan use. KJ1970:713; YK1976:373; OT1968:327-8. As 575, use ‘clan’ and ‘bottom line’. Mnemonic: THAT BOTTOM-LINE CLAN IS NOW BASED IN A BUILDING Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 ‘person’, and 1745 (‘tall/turreted house’ or ‘inn to lodge’) as semantic and phonetic, to give ‘stay at a house’; by extension, ‘stay, stop’ in general. KJ1970:715; YK1976:374; OT1968:75. Mnemonic: PERSON STAYS AT TALL INN The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 191
578 L3 的 8 TEKI, mato target, -like, adjectival suffix strokes MOKUTEKIaim, purpose RISŌTEKIideal matohazureoff-target Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Seal form has 66 ‘sun’, and (‘ladle; traditional unit of measure’, in Jōyō kanji List 1981, excluded 2010) as phonetic with associated sense ‘white, bright’, to give 579 L1 典 TEN, nori code, rule, precedent 8 strokes JITENdictionary TENKYOauthority TENKEImodel, type Bronze ; seal . Bronze form has upper element showing strips of early writing material (turtle shell) bound together as a volume, placed on top of lower element which is a stand/desk. 580 伝 DEN, tsutaeru/waru convey, transmit L3 6 strokes DENSETSUlegend DENKIbiography tsutaekikuhear a rumor OBI ; seal ; traditional . Has 41 ‘person’, and 925 (traditional form of modern ‘sole, main’; originally pictograph of hand holding device with string wound round); here, this latter element functions as phonetic with associated 581 徒 TO, ada, itazura follower, futile L3 10 strokes SEITOpupil TOHOSHApedestrian adabanawasted effort Bronze ; seal . Has (‘foot, footprint’, comprising as abbreviation of 131 ‘crossroads, go’ with 143 ‘foot/stop/move’) ‘tread/step along a road’, and 64 (‘ground’) as phonetic ‘bright sunlight’. Block script has this graph with 69 ‘white’, not , and is treated in Kangxi zidian as a later variant form of 旳 ; the meaning range ‘white, bright’ for may have led to this change between seal and block script. Katō and Yamada suggest the meaning ‘target’ derives from targets having been white. Meanings such as ‘-like’ (to form adjectives) and – in Chinese – for other grammatical elements represent loan usage. KJ1970:720; YK1976:375; OT1968:687; AS2007:631. Mnemonic: WHITE LADLE MAKES GOOD TARGET Ogawa takes the text on the stand as a precious book, thereby giving extended senses such as ‘code, rule; model’, while Yamada and Katō see the extended senses as related to other near-homophones meaning ‘place, put’. Though earliest form for itself is bronze, there are many OBI occurrences for upper element 884 (‘bound volume’). OT1968:98; KJ1970:726; YK1976:378; MS1995:v1:108-9; AS2007:211,498. Mnemonic: LOOSELY BOUND WRITING- TABLETS ON DESK ARE CODE OF RULES sense interpreted variously as ‘replace what precedes; relay runner’ (Katō, Yamada, Mizukami), or ‘move (something) elsewhere/transfer to someone else’ (Ogawa), or – a further alternative listed by Mizukami – ‘move/move (something) with a rolling motion’. Despite the differences, any one of these analyses still leads to ‘convey, transmit’ as an extended sense. KJ1970:630; YK1976:381; MS1995:v1:80-81; OT1968:50. Suggest as ‘two’ 65 and as noses. Mnemonic: TWO PERSONS NOSE-TO-NOSE TRANSMITTING SOMETHING with associated sense ‘tread/step’ reinforcing , thus ‘walk along a road’. seems to have acquired the extended sense ‘foot-soldiers’ at an early period, no doubt along with ‘follower, companion, apprentice’. ‘Futile’ might perhaps refer to those unable to keep up, including even in a metaphoric sense. MS1995:1280-83; KJ1970:730, YK1976:382; OT1968:351. Take as 179 ‘run’ with 131 as ‘go, road’. Mnemonic: FOLLOWER RUNS FUTILELY ALONG THE ROAD 192 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters
- Page 142 and 143: 391 L3 畑 hata, hatake (dry-) f
- Page 144 and 145: 400 L3 筆 HITSU, fude writing brus
- Page 146 and 147: 408 L4 服 FUKU clothes, yield,
- Page 148 and 149: 415 L4 味 MI, aji, ajiwau taste
- Page 150 and 151: 423 有 YŪ, U, aru have, exist L4
- Page 152 and 153: 430 L3 様 14 YŌ, sama situatio
- Page 154 and 155: 437 L3 列 RETSU row, line 6 str
- Page 156 and 157: texts for ‘use, employ, in order
- Page 158 and 159: 451 L3 塩 EN, shio salt 13 strokes
- Page 160 and 161: 458 L3 改 KAI, aratameru/maru refo
- Page 162 and 163: with minor bureaucrat/official’.
- Page 164 and 165: pleased’ is seen as an extended s
- Page 166 and 167: 479 L3 泣 KYŪ, naku weep, cry 8 s
- Page 168 and 169: 487 競 KYŌ, KEI, kisou, seru comp
- Page 170 and 171: 494 L3 景 KEI, KE scene, view,
- Page 172 and 173: solid’. KJ1970:392; YK1976:167; T
- Page 174 and 175: 509 L4 菜 SAI, na vegetable, ra
- Page 176 and 177: 516 L3 察 SATSU judge, surmise,
- Page 178 and 179: 522 L1 氏 SHI, uji clan, family, m
- Page 180 and 181: 529 L3 530 L4 失 SHITSU, ush
- Page 182 and 183: 537 L3 笑 SHŌ, warau, emu laugh,
- Page 184 and 185: still acting as phonetic and still
- Page 186 and 187: 551 L3 折 SETSU, ori, oru/reru ben
- Page 188 and 189: 558 L3 争 SŌ, arasou conflict, vi
- Page 190 and 191: 566 L3 帯 TAI , obi, obiru belt
- Page 194 and 195: 582 L3 努 DO, tsutomeru endeavor,
- Page 196 and 197: 591 L3 敗 HAI, yaburu/reru defe
- Page 198 and 199: 599 L3 標 HYŌ , shirushi sign(pos
- Page 200 and 201: found in the clerical script. Mizuk
- Page 202 and 203: 614 牧 BOKU, maki OBI ; seal . Has
- Page 204 and 205: 621 L3 約 9 YAKU promise, approx.,
- Page 206 and 207: 628 L3 良 RYŌ, yoi good 7 stro
- Page 208 and 209: 636 L3 歴 REKI history, path 14 st
- Page 210 and 211: THE 185 FIFTH GRADE CHARACTERS 641
- Page 212 and 213: 647 L3 易 8 EKI, I, yasui, yasa
- Page 214 and 215: 654 L1 恩 ON favor, kindness 10 st
- Page 216 and 217: 660 L1 賀 GA congratulations 12 st
- Page 218 and 219: 667 L1 668 L3 幹 KAN, miki trun
- Page 220 and 221: 674 L1 義 GI righteousness 13 s
- Page 222 and 223: 682 L3 禁 KIN forbid, ban 13 st
- Page 224 and 225: 690 L3 検 KEN investigate 12 strok
- Page 226 and 227: sense, i.e. ‘test by comparison
- Page 228 and 229: (original Peking Palace woodblock e
- Page 230 and 231: 713 L3 罪 ZAI, tsumi crime, sin 13
- Page 232 and 233: 720 L3 師 SHI teacher, model, a
- Page 234 and 235: 726 L4 質 SHITSU, SHICHI, CHI q
- Page 236 and 237: 733 L3 準 JUN level, conform, quas
- Page 238 and 239: 741 L3 情 11 JŌ, SEI, nasake feel
- Page 240 and 241: 749 製 SEI Seal ; late graph (Shuo
574<br />
L1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
腸<br />
CHŌ, harawata<br />
intestine(s)<br />
13 strokes<br />
CHŌSEN(cat) gut<br />
CHŌEN enteritis<br />
DAICHŌlarge intestine<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has () 209<br />
‘flesh’, and 161 (CO, ‘sun rises high’) as<br />
phonetic with associated sense ‘long’, to give<br />
‘long body part’, i.e. ‘intestines’. KJ1970:880;<br />
YK1976:368; OT1968:825.<br />
Mnemonic: FLESHY INTESTINES EXPOSED TO<br />
RISING SUN<br />
575<br />
L4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
低<br />
TEI, hikui<br />
low<br />
7 strokes<br />
SAITEIlowest<br />
TEIRI low interest rate<br />
TEIRAKUdecline<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Analyses vary.<br />
Has 41 ‘person’, and disputed element (interpreted<br />
as either ‘base of small hill’, or ‘spoon<br />
touching bottom of plate’ > ‘down low’, ‘scrape’)<br />
as semantic and phonetic (see 522 ‘clan’).<br />
Former view (Katō, Yamada) gives ‘those who<br />
576<br />
L3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
底<br />
TEI, soko<br />
bottom, base<br />
8 strokes<br />
KAITEIsea-bed<br />
OKUsokodepths<br />
TEIRYŪunder-current<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 127<br />
‘house, building’, and (either ‘base of small<br />
hill’, or ‘spoon touching bottom of plate’ ><br />
‘down low’) as semantic and phonetic, mean-<br />
577<br />
停<br />
TEI<br />
stop<br />
L3<br />
11 strokes<br />
TEISHIstoppage<br />
TEISHAJOstation<br />
TEIDENpower cut<br />
live lower down, servants’, as opposed to the<br />
nobility; adherents of the other view (Ogawa,<br />
Tōdō) take to mean ‘short person’. In both<br />
cases, ‘short, low’ is an extended sense generalized<br />
from original meaning. Mizukami lists both<br />
views for the element . KJ1970:713-4;<br />
YK1976:372; TA1965:749-52; OT1968:55;<br />
MS1995:v2:724-6. Suggest taking as ‘clan’<br />
with bottom line beneath, and 41 as ‘persons,<br />
people’.<br />
Mnemonic: PEOPLE OF THAT CLAN ARE VERY<br />
LOW – BOTTOM-LINE IN FACT<br />
ing ‘dwelling at foot of hill’ (see 575). Yamada<br />
takes ‘lowest part, bottom’ as loan usage, but<br />
it can alternatively be seen as extended sense<br />
through generalization. Ogawa takes differently,<br />
as phonetic only with associated sense<br />
‘stop, stay’; in this view, ‘bottom’ is loan use.<br />
KJ1970:713; YK1976:373; OT1968:327-8. As 575,<br />
use ‘clan’ and ‘bottom line’.<br />
Mnemonic: THAT BOTTOM-LINE CLAN IS<br />
NOW BASED IN A BUILDING<br />
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 ‘person’,<br />
and 1745 (‘tall/turreted house’ or ‘inn to<br />
lodge’) as semantic and phonetic, to give ‘stay<br />
at a house’; by extension, ‘stay, stop’ in general.<br />
KJ1970:715; YK1976:374; OT1968:75.<br />
Mnemonic: PERSON STAYS AT TALL INN<br />
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 191
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