480531170

537
L3
笑
SHŌ, warau, emu
laugh, smile
10 strokes
KUSHŌwry smile
waraigoelaughter
egaosmiling face
Seal ; a late graph which is included in
Shuowen xinfu. This graph is the result of fluctuation
in shape, or possibly error. According
to Yamada, originated from a graph written
芺 , meaning ‘thistle’, which was borrowed as
a loan writing for the abstract word meaning
‘laugh’; following this, as the result of miscopying,
芺 was written with 关 and then , and as
a further variation the top element came to be
written as / 58 ‘bamboo’. To disambiguate
芺 in the two senses of ‘thistle’ and ‘laugh’,
was added for the latter meaning, to give .
As a further complicating twist, 22 (‘mouth’)
was also added to 关 / above, to give
1391 (note: is used in the sense ‘bloom’ only
in Japanese; in Chinese it retains its original
sense ‘laugh’). In broad terms, Ogawa adopts
a broadly similar view, taking 芺 as being the
result of miscopying, and borrowed as a loan
for a word meaning ‘act coquettishly’; Katō
treats the sense ‘act coquettishly’ as the original
meaning of , and ‘laugh’ as a further extension
of meaning. In the above there is reference
to as a top element having been substituted
for 53 (‘grass, plant’); the explanation for this
is that in the clerical script (the developmental
stage before block script) these two elements
were sometimes used interchangeably (as
top elements), as noted by Qiu. YK1976:272;
OT1968:748; KJ1970:85; QX2000:323. We suggest
taking as a big man 56 with head
bent.
Mnemonic: BIG MAN WITH HEAD BENT LIKE
BAMBOO, LAUGHING
538
L1
唱
SHŌ, tonaeru
recite, preach
11 strokes
TEISHŌadvocacy
GASSHŌchorus
tonaeneasking price
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 22 ‘mouth’
‘speak’, and NJK (‘sun rises; rise’) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘raise’, to give ‘raise the
539
焼
SHŌ, yaku/keru
burn, roast
L3
12 strokes
NENSHŌcombustion
yakeatoburnt remains
yakitatefresh-baked
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Has 8 ‘fire’ and CO (‘high’). Analysis of latter
varies. One takes as associated sense ‘rise
high’ (Katō, Yamada), giving ‘flames rise’. Ogawa
voice/pitch of the voice’, and by extension ‘sing’.
The seal (and older) forms of point to only
the upper component as being 66 ‘sun, day’,
and the lower component as different: i.e. NJK
‘say, speak’ (determinative no. 73), with OBI
and bronze forms representing breath coming
out of the mouth when speaking. KJ1970:544;
YK1976:273; MS1995:612-3,628-9.
Mnemonic: PREACHER’S MOUTH RECITES
FOR TWO DAYS
sees it as associated sense ‘surround’ (later ),
when setting wildfires in hunting. However,
Tōdō feels phonetic role for unlikely based
on historical pronunciation, and includes in his
word-family ‘curve’, giving ‘flames curving upwards’.
KJ1970:604-5; YK1976:275; OT1968:620;
TA1965:245-6. We suggest taking as [35]
‘ten’ x 3 and [1] ‘one’ = 31 legs. See also 1230
.
Mnemonic: ROAST THIRTY-ONE LEGS ON FIRE
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 181