480531170

505
L3
航
KŌ
sail, voyage
10 strokes
KŌKŪflight
KŌKAIsea voyage
KŌROroute
Seal ; late, post-Shuowen graph. Has 1450
‘boat’, and (NJK, originally ‘[upright] neck’) as
506
康
KŌ
L3
peace, health
11 strokes
SHŌKŌrespite
FUKENKŌill health
KENKŌTAIhealthy body
OBI ; bronze ; seal () . OBI and bronze
forms show two hands pounding grain with
pestle and producing what is taken as either
bran (Yamada) or chaff (Tōdō). The seal
stage has a more complicated form which
507
L4
告
KOKU, tsugeru
proclaim, inform
7 strokes
KŌKOKUcomplaint
KŌKOKUpublic notice
KŌKOKUadvertisement
OBI ; seal ; traditional 告 . Interpretations
vary. Has 22 ‘mouth, words, speech’, and
second component traditionally (Shuowen)
taken as 108 ‘cow’. Tōdō still takes as ‘cow’,
phonetic with associated sense ‘side’. Denotes
several boats lashed together side-by-side for
stability, or boat(s) crossing a river, or both
these meanings together; sense later broadened
to ‘navigate’ in general. KJ1970:160-62;
YK1976:182; OT1968:837. Suggest taking as
‘top’ and as 845 ‘desk’.
Mnemonic: DESKTOP BOAT VOYAGE
incorporates the determinative 87 ‘grain’
also, but this was dropped at the clerical
stage. ‘Peace’ and healthy’ are loan usages.
Note that what became 127 ‘roof, building’
(determinative no. 53) here is a distortion of
the original with two hands and pestle, but
use as mnemonic. YK1976:183; KJ1970:164-5;
MS1995:v2:970-71; TA1965:392-4; SK1984:274.
Mnemonic: HAND HOLDING PESTLE POUNDS
HEALTHY BRAN FLAKES IN BUILDING
and based on classical usage takes to originally
mean ‘announce to the deities and elders’.
However, some scholars take it as abbreviated
version of 44 ‘grow, life’ as phonetic with
associated sense ‘put forward’ (Katō, Mizukami),
or ‘move upwards’ (Yamada), to give
‘put forward words, advise’. TA1965:222-224;
KJ1970:407-8; MS1995:v1:218-9; YK1976:187.
Suggest taking upper part as cow minus a tail.
Mnemonic: INFORM BY WORD OF MOUTH
ABOUT A COW WITH NO TAIL
508
差
SA, sasu
tree, and the lower part is 24 (‘left’), serving
difference, point as phonetic with associated sense ‘uneven’.
L3
10 strokes
Overall sense is ‘young shoots/buds hanging
down unevenly’, and by extension ‘difference,
JISAtime-difference
divergence’. ‘Point’ seems to be an extended
SABETSUdiscrimination
meaning. KJ1970:415; YK1976:194; OT1968:312.
sashikomuinsert
Suggest taking upper part as 426 ‘sheep’ (
Bronze ; seal . The upper part of the bronze
is a variant).
form represents shoots or buds on a young Mnemonic: SHEEP ON LEFT IS DIFFERENT
172 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters