480531170

solid’. KJ1970:392; YK1976:167; TA1965:385-90;
OT1968:205.
Mnemonic: OLD ENCLOSING WALL IS FIRM
AND SOLID
502
L1
功
KŌ, KU
merit, service
5 strokes
SEIKŌsuccess
KŌZAIpros and cons
KŌRŌstalwart service
Bronze ; seal . Has 78 ‘strength, effort’,
and 125 (‘adze’ or other tool) as phonetic
with associated sense ‘work’ or ‘make’, to give
‘put effort into work’, and by extension
‘meritorious’. MS1995:v1:138-9; KJ1970:406;
YK1976:173; OT1968:124.
Mnemonic: STRENGTH AND USE OF TOOL
MEANS MERITORIOUS SERVICE
503
L4
好
KŌ, suku/ki, konomu
like, fine, good
6 strokes
KŌIgoodwill
suki na nice, liked
KŌSHOKUamorousness
OBI ; seal . Has 37 ‘woman’, and 27 ‘child’.
Scholars are divided over the function of here.
The traditional view (as in Shuowen) is to take
semantically as ‘child’, to give ‘woman looks after
504
L3
候
10
KŌ, sōrō
weather, sign, ask,
serve, suffix
strokes
KIKŌclimate
KŌHOcandidacy
sōrōBUNhistorical style
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Views vary. Katō
and Yamada treat as 41 ‘person’, and (an NJK
graph which they alone take as meaning ‘hunchback’)
as phonetic with associated sense ‘go/
come out to greet’, and by extension ‘look out for’
(Katō, Yamada). Shirakawa also links to ‘target’,
but regards it as referring to a purificatory ritual
involving shooting arrows. Treatment by scholars
reflects a degree of historical confusion between
and , two graphs similar in shape, pronunciation,
and meaning. Uncertainty over the early
history of the words and meanings represented
by these two graphs is noted by Schuessler. As for
child’, and by extension favourable senses such
as ‘like, favor’, ‘good’ (Ogawa, Tōdō). Alternatively,
is seen as phonetic, with associated sense
‘beautiful’, to give ‘beautiful woman’, and then by
extension ‘like, favor’ (Katō, Yamada). The view
taking as phonetic, though, is less persuasive.
Mizukami lists both interpretations. OT1968:252;
TA1965:226-7; KJ1970:163; YK1976:176;
MS1995:v1:310-11; AS2007:273,633.
Mnemonic: WOMAN LIKES CHILD – WHAT A
FINE THING
the meaning ‘serve’ (primarily as an older meaning),
Shirakawa observes on the basis of information
in Yupian that in higher circles in early China
there was a position designated as, a role
which involved greeting visitors. The meanings
‘weather’ and ‘sign’ for can be seen as extended
senses deriving from ‘look out for’ relating to
weather conditions. In ancient China the year was
divided into the ‘seventy-two short periods’ (
) , of five days each. Numerical categories
such as this – other examples include the Five Elements
(), the Eight [Musical] Sounds () ,
and the Ten Moral Obligations () to name but
a few – have been an integral part of Chinese culture
from ancient times. KJ1970:398; YK1976:181;
SS1984:300,296; AS2007:279. Suggest taking
short vertical line as pointer. See too 1326.
Mnemonic: PERSONS POINT TO WEATHER
SIGNS WITH ARROW
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 171