480531170

497
L3
結
12
KETSU, musubu,
yuu/waeru
bind, join, end
strokes
KEKKONmarriage
KEKKAresult
musubimeknot
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 29
‘thread’, and 1196 (‘good fortune’) as
Bronze forms / ; seal . Has 400 (writing
brush held upright), and – a determinative apparently
set up in error by the Shuowen compiler
on the basis of the small seal form for this graph,
but the older bronze form shows the original
健
KEN, sukoyaka
healthy
L3
11 strokes
KENKŌhealth
KENZENsoundness
SŌKENhealthy
500
験
KEN
examine
L4
18 strokes
SHIKEN examination
JIKKENexperiment
KEIKENexperience
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional form
. Has 210 ‘horse’, and (CO, ‘people
agree on opinion’). The associated meaning
of here is disputed: one analysis takes it as
501
固
KO, katai/meru/maru
hard, firm, solid
L3
8 strokes
KOTAIsolid state
KYŌKOsolidity
katamarilump, mass
phonetic with associated sense ‘bend’ (Katō,
Yamada) or ‘fasten tightly’ (Tōdō, Ogawa).
Either interpretation gives ‘tie knot in thread/
rope’, and then by extension the more generalized
‘join up’; ‘conclude, tie up’ is a further,
figurative extension. KJ1970:230; YK1976:154;
TA1965:784-7; OT1968:777. We suggest 521
‘samurai’ and 22 ‘mouth’.
Mnemonic: BIND SAMURAI’S MOUTH WITH
THREAD
498
建
KEN, KON, tatsu/teru way of writing featured with not but as
build, erect
semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘move slowly’
L4
9 strokes
(Yamada, Katō, Mizukami) or ‘go, move forward’
(the full form of / : see 581) (Mizukami).
KENSETSUconstruction
Overall meaning is ‘move writing brush’; the brush
KONRYŪ*erection
is held upright for writing, and so usage later extended
to ‘hold/stand timber (etc.) upright/erect’,
tatemonoa building
and by further extension ‘build’. MS1995v1:460-1;
KJ1970:383-5; YK1976:157,383-5.
Mnemonic: HAND HOLDS PEN ERECT WHILE
MOVING IT
499 Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 41 ‘person’,
and 498 (‘erect, build’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘strong’, to give ‘strong person’; meaning
later generalized to ‘strong’, and by extension
‘healthy’. KJ1970:385; YK1976:159; OT1968:74.
Mnemonic: HEALTHY PERSON STANDS ERECT
phonetic with associated sense unclear (Katō,
Yamada), regarding ‘examine’ as a loan usage.
Tōdō, though, includes it in a word-family with
associated sense ‘collect and bring together/under
control’, an interpretation giving ‘examine’.
KJ1970:376-7; YK1976:161; TA1965:842-6. Suggest
taking as ‘odd’ elder brother 114 under
cover .
Mnemonic: ODD ELDER BROTHER EXAMINES
HORSE UNDER COVER
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 84
‘enclosure’ (taken here as walls of a castle or
citadel), and 121 (‘old’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘solid, hard, firm’, to give ‘defend
solidly with castle walls’ or ‘defend castle walls
solidly’. The meaning later became generalized
to ‘hard, solid’; in Tōdō’s word-family ‘hard,
170 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters