480531170

491
郡
GUN, kōri
village’), and 285 (‘lord’) as phonetic with
county, district
associated sense ‘collect, accumulate’, to give
L1
10 strokes
‘a collection of settlements’. This served as
an administrative unit for such (of varying
GUNBUrural district
scale) from an early period in China, and then
Kōriyamaa place name
in Japan, where it is still used. KJ1970:343;
WAKEGUN WakeCounty
YK1976:145; OT1968:1020.
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 376 (as
abbreviated right-hand form of ‘settlement,
Mnemonic: VILLAGE BELONGS TO LORD OF
COUNTY DISTRICT
492
L1
径
KEI
path, direct
8 strokes
CHOKKEIdiameter
KEIROroute
SHŌKEIshort cut
Seal ; traditional . Late graph (Shuowen).
Has 131 ‘road, go’, and 287 (thread
stretched on a loom) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘straight’ (Tōdō, Shirakawa, Ogawa).
Thus ‘direct path’. However, Katō and Yamada
take as ‘small’. This is just one of many
examples of divergence in assessing the associated
sense of a phonetic in the same graph – in
this case, it seems to result from two different
interpretations of the same explanation for
in Zilin, a Chinese dictionary compiled ca.
300AD which has survived only in fragments.
TA1965:498-9; SS1984:227-8; OT1968:347;
KJ1970:345-6; YK1976:147. Take modern righthand
elements as 2003 ‘hand’ and 64
‘ground’.
Mnemonic: DIRECT PATH ENTAILS MOVING
WITH HANDS ON GROUND
493
型
KEI, kata
type, model, mold
L3
9 strokes
GENKEIprototype
ōgatalarge size
TENKEITEKItypical
Bronze ; seal . The etymology of this seemingly
straightforward graph presents some
difficulties. It has 64 ‘earth’ (here: probably
‘clay’), and an element the shape of which in
the block script equivalent is taken to be a)
(‘start to make’) (Katō, Yamada), or b) (1256
‘punish’) (Mizukami, Tōdō). In the case of b), the
left-hand side of the older forms (in OBI,
bronze, and seal) has been carried over into
block script in a modified way (as 开 ) which is a
potential pitfall when it comes to the etymology.
This sort of modification in shape happened
in some cases, as the script evolved through the
different stages (see Introduction). Having described
the above variations, it should be noted
that Kangxi zidian lists both as independent
graphs, but treats a) as being the same as b).
The disputed top part of this graph may represent
the outer frame of a mold, together with a
knife 198 ‘knife’ (Mizukami). Gu takes it as an
enclosure with a person, standing for cage and
prisoner, but the OBI and bronze forms tend to
be of a shape better interpreted as /198
rather than 41 ‘person’. Some bronze equivalents
of have 63 ‘field’ instead of ‘earth’.
Despite the above divergences in analysis,
commentators typically take shapes a) and b)
as both having the associated sense ‘make’ ,
and assess the overall meaning of as ‘mold
for casting (metal artefacts)’ (Katō, Yamada,
Mizukami). ‘Model’ is an extended sense.
MS1995:v1:268-9, 122-5, 40-41; KJ1970:359;
YK1976:148; GX2008:217; ZY2009:v1:65. We
suggest remembering this graph by taking it
as 1256 ‘punishment’ and 64 ‘soil/clay/
earth(y)’.
Mnemonic: MODEL PUNISHMENT FOR
EARTHY TYPES
168 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters