480531170

476
L3
機
KI, hata
loom, device, occasion
16 strokes
KINŌfunction
KIKAIopportunity
hataoriweaving
Bronze ; seal . Interpretations vary. Has
73 ‘tree, wood’, and the right-hand element
1181 (modern meaning ‘how much/many?’)
which Yamada takes as both semantic and phonetic,
meaning ‘stop thread’, to give ‘device to
move vertical (warp) thread on loom’, then used
by extension to refer in general to something
which has a stopping action. Katō breaks down
(itself the original way of writing : see also
1181) into 29 ‘threads’, with 545 (person
carrying halberd) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘stop firmly’, to give overall meaning in
agreement with Yamada, i.e. ‘device to control
vertical thread [on loom]’. Tōdō analyzes (and
) differently, including the underlying linguistic
forms in a word-family ‘small, detailed’, and
– on the basis of the way the graph is treated
477
L3
議
GI
discussion
20 strokes
GIRONdiscussion
KAIGIconference
GIKAIthe Diet
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has 118
‘words, speech’, and 674 (originally denoted
a beautiful dance or appearance, now meaning
478
求
KYŪ, motomeru
request, seek
L 3
7 strokes
YŌKYŪdemand
TSUIKYŪpursuit
KYŪSHOKUseeking work
OBI ; bronze ; seal . Pictograph of animal
fur, taken as fur garment (later written ,
with 444 ‘clothing’ to distinguish from
in Shuowen along with other weaving-related
graphs – takes it to refer likewise in broad terms
originally to a small mechanical device in a
loom. Tōdō notes that was also employed for
a variety of other small devices related to movement,
then for ‘loom’; by further extension, the
association with initiating movement gave rise
to the sense ‘opportunity/occasion’. Schuessler,
for his part, has reservations about the above
interpretation, which is common to Tōdō and
Karlgren. Despite emphases on stopping on
the one hand and starting on the other, the
key factor is ‘control’. Whichever interpretation
is followed, unchanging is the fact that was
later added to to denote ‘loom’ or ‘small
mechanical device’ in order to distinguish this
sense from in its increasingly common use
for other words of the same or similar pronunciation
but different, abstract meanings (‘for
a short time’, ‘how many times?’ ‘how much’,
etc.). KJ1970:144-5; YK1976:118; TA1965:695-7;
AS2007:293; WD1974:416-7.
Mnemonic: ON HOW MANY OCCASIONS IS A
WOODEN LOOM USED?
‘righteousness’, qv) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘criticize’ (Katō, Yamada, Shirakawa) or as
semantic element meaning ‘correct’ (Ogawa;
a meaning already found at the OBI stage,
according to Schuessler). Either way, ‘discuss’
is the result of a generalized shift in meaning.
KJ1970:240-41; YK1976:120; SS1984:165;
OT1968:944; AS2007:566.
Mnemonic: DISCUSSION INVOLVES
RIGHTEOUS WORDS
other meanings of abstract nature); some OBI
occurrences show the fur spread out, while
others show it hanging. The meaning ‘seek’ is
a loan usage. MS1995:v2:1166-8; KJ1970:124;
YK1976:124; OT1968:556. We suggest taking
as a variant of 42 ‘water’, – as a cross (stroke),
with a spot (top right).
Mnemonic: CROSS WATER TO SEEK SPOTTED
FUR
164 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters