480531170

447
L3
胃
I
stomach
9 strokes
IEKIgastric juice
Ibukurostomach
IJAKUdyspepsia
448
印
IN, shirushi
seal, sign, symbol
L3
6 strokes
INSATSU printing
INBAN seal
mejirushi guiding mark
OBI ; seal . OBI form shows hand pressing
down on a kneeling person, to give ‘press
someone down from above and make kneel/
submit’. Some OBI forms have a right hand, others
have a left hand, reinforcing Qiu’s observation
that orientation of graphs at the OBI stage
was rather inconsistent. The meaning ‘press’ gave
449
英
EI
superior, england
L4
8 strokes
EISAItalent
EIKOKUEngland
EIGOEnglish language
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 53 ‘plant’,
and 254 ‘center’ as phonetic with associated
450
栄
EI, sakaeru, haeru
flourish, glory, shine
L3
9 strokes
KŌEIglory, honor
EIYŌnutrition
HAN’EIprosperity
Bronze ; seal ; traditional . Original meaning
of is ‘Chinese parasol tree’ (Latin names:
Firmiana platanifolia, or Firmiana simplex). Has
73 ‘tree’ with as phonetic with associated sense
‘light [in weight]’ (Katō, Yamada) or ‘surround’
(Ogawa, Tōdō). The ‘light [in weight]’ proposal is
based on association with the wood of this tree
being light; the ‘surround’ view is based on the
blossoms being perceived as encircling the whole
tree. Both these interpretations of the phonetic
Bronze ; seal . Has top element which is a
regularized version of what was originally a
pictograph of the stomach (taken by Mizukami
as stomach with food in it, and by
Katō as showing the stomach as an internal
organ), and lower element 209 ‘flesh, meat’.
MS1995:1072-3; KJ1970:17; YK1976:54. Suggest
taking as 63 ‘field’.
Mnemonic: FLESHY STOMACH SEEN IN FIELD
rise to extended usages such as ‘(name) seal’ and
‘printing’, the latter reflecting the development
of printing using a system of flat blocks or plates
(originally wood, later metal). Earliest surviving
large-scale example of printing on paper dates
back to AD868 in China, though printed designs
on silk in that country can be dated back to the
Later Han dynasty. Katō and Yamada treat
2060 (‘suppress’) as an alternative form of (
has a second ‘hand’ 34 added as a determinative).
MS1995:v1:178-9; KJ1970:65-6; YK1976:59;
QX2000:67; MT1993:265.
Mnemonic: HAND PRESSES DOWN ON PERSON
AS ON SEAL
sense ‘blossom’, and by extension ‘beautiful,
excellent’. The sense ‘Britain’ reflects the adoption
by the Chinese of this graph for its sound value
(ying) to represent the Chinese version of ‘England’,
i.e. Yingguo). The choice of seems
to show a positive view of England/Britain at the
time. YK1976:65; KJ1970:77; OT1968:846.
Mnemonic: SUPERIOR PLANTS IN THE CENTER
OF ENGLAND
are listed by Mizukami, who also notes another
proposal – that is an abbreviation of CO
‘light [of a lamp/fire]’. Katō dismisses the latter
theory (first noted in Shuowen) as erroneous, but
a contrasting assessment is offered by Schuessler,
who includes the early Chinese linguistic forms for
both and in the same word-family meaning
‘bright, dazzle’. If accepted that the graph
originally referred to a type of tree, meanings
such as ‘shine’ and ‘flourish’ represent loan usages,
whichever of the above analyses is followed.
KJ1970:81-2; YK1976:66; OT1968:497; TA1965:509-
12; MS1995:v1:682-3; ZY2009:v2:528,675;
AS2007:575.
Mnemonic: GLORIOUS TREE FLOURISHES
UNDER ORNATE COVER
156 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters