480531170

texts for ‘use, employ, in order to’. YK1976:51-2;
MS1995:188-90; KJ1970:18,13-4; TA1965:74-
7. SY2008:123; MM1993:342-3; GY2008:123;
AS2007:567. We suggest as a mnemonic that the
sharp angular left-hand element be taken as a
stylized pictograph of a plow/plowshare, being
444
衣
I, koromo
clothing
L3
6 strokes
IFUKUclothing
IRUIgarments
koromogaechange of clothes
OBI ; seal . This is a stylized pictograph of
a garment, or at least the upper part of a garment,
showing the collar and two sleeves. The
445
位
I, kurai
rank, extent
L3
7 strokes
CHIIposition, rank
GAKUI academic degree
ICHIsituation, position
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Mizukami and
Yamada say and 77 ‘stand (/ up)’ were originally
the same graph, but the situation would
be better expressed as ‘originally (in Chinese)
represented two separate but related words’, one
446
囲
I, kakomu
surround
L3
7 strokes
SHŪI perimeter
HAN’I range
kakoikomu enclose
Bronze ; seal ; traditional Has ‘enclosure’
(see 84: Qiu considers this developed from
an earlier shape O ‘round, circle’), and taken
either as simply semantic (showing two feet
with original meaning of ‘patrol by going round
an enclosed area’: see Note below) – an analysis
listed by Mizukami – or semantic and phonetic
meaning ‘surround’ (Ogawa), or alternatively as
phonetic, with associated sense ‘enclose’ (Katō,
Yamada). The component graph was later
borrowed to represent a word of similar pronunciation
meaning ‘tanned leather’, which appears
pushed by a ‘person’ 41, and with the dot (not
to be overlooked) taken as a clod of earth.
Mnemonic: PERSON STARTS USING PLOW AS
A MEANS TO MOVE CLODS
tail-like line in some occurrences represents
the garment somewhat lower down. As a lefthand
component/determinative, takes the
form (not to be confused with ‘altar/show’
: see 153 and 723). MR2007:391; YK1976:52;
MS1995:v2:1164-5; OT1968:900. Awkward to
find a ‘fitting’ mnemonic, but we suggest taking
the main central part as variant 56 ‘big/large’.
Mnemonic: CLOTHING IS SORT OF TOO
BIG – COLLAR AND SLEEVES ETC
meaning ‘stand, stand up’, the other meaning
‘position or place (in a court or group of persons)’.
For this latter meaning, the separate graph with
41 ‘person’ added as left-hand component
was devised at the seal stage. Yamada takes as
‘person’ with , the latter functioning as both
semantic and phonetic meaning ‘people lined up’,
to give an overall meaning of ‘place where people
stand’; Katō is in agreement. MS1995:v1:52-3;
AS2007:351, 512-3; OT1968:52; YK1976:52-3;
Mnemonic: PERSON STANDS ACCORDING TO
RANK
to have subsequently become the main sense;
given the original sense, it seems preferable to
take the role of as either semantic or semantic
and phonetic. The ‘enclosure’ element was
likely added toto make clear in writing when
the word being represented was ‘surround, enclose’
and not ‘tanned leather’. MS1995:v1:258-9,
v2:1436-8; OT1968:204; KJ1970:110; YK1976:53.
Note: Some OBI forms of have two feet on
either side of an enclosure, pointing in the same
direction, and some forms with one foot facing
to the right and the other foot facing to the left.
Although in the latter case the feet are in one
sense pointing in opposite directions, they indicate
motion in the same direction going round
an enclosed area. As a mnemonic, we suggest
taking the modern form , graphically the same
as 1575, and meaning ‘(water)well’.
Mnemonic: ENCLOSURE SURROUNDS WELL
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 155