480531170

404
L4
病
BYŌ, yamai, yamu
illness, sickness
10 strokes
BYŌKIillness
BYŌNINsick person
KOKUSHIBYŌplague
405
L4
品
HIN, shina
goods, quality, kind
9 strokes
SHŌHINcommodity
HINSHITSUquality
shinamonogoods
OBI ; seal form similar . Has three mouths,
taken to mean ‘talk a lot, many people talking’.
Yamada has a similar view regarding a generalised
meaning of talking. Ma takes ‘goods’ as a
Seal ; a late graph (Shuowen). Has ‘(sick-)
bed’ (the ‘sickness’ determinative, based on a
person resting on a bed), and 1932 (originally,
probably chopping board used in rituals,
now ‘third class’), as phonetic with associated
sense ‘be added’, to give ‘illness which
gets worse’. KJ1970:837,938-40; YK1976:429;
OT1968:678; SS1984:728.
Mnemonic: THIRD CLASS HEALTH LEADS TO
ILLNESS
loan usage. Note that already in OBI this graph
appears to have had quite a wide semantic
range: ‘a kind, class, piece’ (Schuessler). As
Mizukami and others have noted, three here
denotes ‘many’ rather than specifically ‘three’ (cf.
40). MR2007:250; YK1976:430; KJ1970:207;
AS2007:415; MS1995:v1:228-9. Take as three
boxes.
Mnemonic: THREE BOXES OF QUALITY
GOODS
406
負
FU, makeru/kasu, ou
defeat, carry
L3
9 strokes
FUSHŌwound
FUTANburden
makegiraiunyielding
Bronze ; seal . Generally taken as ‘person’
(see 41), on top of 10 (original meaning
‘shell, money’) used here as phonetic with asso-
ciated sense ‘the back’, to give ‘carry [someone]
on the back’ (Katō, Yamada, Ogawa), and then
more generally ‘carry on the back’. Shirakawa,
though, takes it more literally as ‘carry shellfish
on the back’. ‘Turn the back on, oppose’ may
be seen as extended usage, and ‘be defeated’
as a loan usage. KJ1970:821; YK1976:433;
MS1995:v2:1230-32; OT1968:952; SS1984:740.
Mnemonic: DEFEATED PERSON CARRIES
SHELL-MONEY AWAY
407
部
BU
Yamada feel sense unclear as originally was
part, section
a proper noun for a tribe in western China, and
L3
11 strokes
treat it as loan usage for ‘part, section’. Tōdō,
however, includes in a word-family ‘oppose;
BUBUNpart
divide’, linking it to a word later written 1975
BUCHŌhead of division
‘cut, split open’. Shirakawa also takes the sense
heya*room
as ‘divide’. KJ1970:759; YK1976:435; TA1965:155-
8; SS1984:745-6. Suggest taking 咅 as 77
‘stand’ and 22 ‘mouth’.
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has right-hand
determinative 376 (full form: ), ‘village,
settlement’, and 咅 ‘spit’ (see 389), here as phonetic
with disputed associated sense. Katō and
Mnemonic: STAND OPEN-MOUTHED AT PART
OF THE VILLAGE ON THE RIGHT
144 The 200 Third Grade Characters