480531170

383
等
TŌ, hitoshii, nado
class, equal, et cetera
L3
12 strokes
ITTŌfirst class
JŌTŌhigh class
TŌATSUSENisobar
Seal . Late graph (Shuowen). Has 58 ‘bamboo’,
here denoting bamboo writing tablet, and
149 (‘temple’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘arrange, put in order’. Similar to 359
‘order’, but regarding the additional sense ‘equal’
which has, Shirakawa cites a pre-modern
Chinese commentary which explains this on
the basis of sorting out big and small bamboo
writing tablets, resulting in groups of tablets of
equal size; if we accept this explanation, ‘etc. (et
cetera)’ – meaning the inclusion of further similar
items – can be regarded as an extended sense.
KJ1970:482; YK1976:389; SS1984:648.
Mnemonic: BAMBOO TABLETS ETC AT TEM-
PLE ARE ALL CLASSED EQUAL
384
動
DŌ, ugoku/kasu
Seal . Late graph (Shuowen). Has 78
move
‘strength, power’, and 326 (‘heavy’) as
L4
11 strokes
phonetic with associated sense ‘shake’, to give
meaning ‘exert power’, and by extension ‘move’.
DŌBUTSUanimal
YK1976:391; KJ1970:704; OT1968:128.
DŌKImotive
Mnemonic: STRENGTH MOVES HEAVY OBJECT
ugokimovement
385
L3
童
DŌ, warabe
child
12 strokes
DŌWAnursery tale
JIDŌchildren
DŌSHINchild’s mind
Bronze . Seal . Bronze form has 1535
‘needle’ over 326 (‘heavy’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘slave’, also with 76 ‘eye’
added in the middle. In ancient China, slaves
were tattooed on the forehead with a needle
to indicate ownership, and ‘eye’ here is taken to
denote forehead, the eye being much easier to
represent pictographically. There is debate over
this graph’s different meanings ‘slave, servant’
and ‘child’. Qiu observes that in ancient texts
represented both ‘slave, servant’ and ‘child’, and
386
L3
農
NŌ
farming
13 strokes
NŌJŌfarm
NŌMINfarmers
NŌGYŌagriculture
OBI ; bronze ; seal . Some variation
in shape, but OBI commonly has 79 or
40 ‘forest’ (these two graphs originally not
that by the time of Shuowen, the NJK graph
had been devised to create the orthographically
contrastive pair ‘slave, servant’ as opposed
to ‘child’, but even after that was still often
used for ‘child’, and likewise has meanings
of both ‘child’ and ‘servant’. In early Chinese, the
associated words for ‘slave, servant’ and ‘child’
appear to have been of the same pronunciation,
assuming they were in fact separate words
(Schuessler lists them together as one entry).
Aesthetically a displeasing graph at bronze
stage because it consists of multiple elements
one on top of the other; this visual imbalance
became moderated at the seal script stage.
MS1995:v2:984-5; KJ1970:735; YK1976:392;
QX2000:350-51; AS2007:500. Take modern
graph as 77 ‘stand’ and 238 ‘village’.
Mnemonic: CHILD STANDS IN VILLAGE
necessarily distinguished strictly as in modern
Japanese) with ‘clam’ (later written as NJK
) , sometimes also with 2003 (or other
equivalent graph for) ‘hand’. Overall meaning is
‘cut (small) trees and vegetation with sharpened
clam shells to clear for growing crops’.
Bronze forms commonly include 63 ‘field’
(originally had a general sense, not necessarily
‘wet/paddy field’), with or without an element
for ‘forest’ or ‘hand’, but interpreted in same
way as OBI form. The seal form has what has
The 200 Third Grade Characters 139