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355
打
DA, utsu
Seal . A late graph (Shuowen); Has 34
hit, strike
‘hand’ and 367 (‘block’, originally ‘nail’)
L3
5 strokes
as phonetic with associated sense ‘strike’.
KJ1970:714; YK1976:342; OT1968:400.
DASHA batter
Mnemonic: HAND HITS NAIL
DAGEKI blow
uchikaesu hit back
356
対
TAI, TSUI
oppose, against, pair
L3
7 strokes
HANTAI opposition
TAISHŌ object
TSUIKU couplet
OBI ; bronze ; traditional . Generally
taken as comprising 278 ‘deed’, which
originally depicted a musical instrument (bells
suspended from a supporting framework),
with 2003 ‘hand’ (part of OBI form; originally
meant ‘[right] hand’) or 920 (part of seal
form; another hand-related graph originally
meaning ‘pulse’ [now ‘measure’]). Two boards
or pillars of the instrument’s framework
faced each other, and so gives meaning ‘pair,
correspond; face each other’ (Katō, Mizukami,
Ogawa). Shirakawa treats differently
on basis of OBI and bronze forms as made
up of component for a digging or engraving
tool, with 64 ‘earth, soil’, with (but on
basis of OBI better taken as ); in Shirakawa’s
interpretation, the later abstract meanings
probably represent loan usages. KJ1970:661-2;
MS1995:v1:396-8; OT1968:285; SS1984:563-4.
We suggest taking the left-hand part as a variant
of 72 ‘text’.
Mnemonic: TEXT MEASURES OPPOSITION
357
L4
待
TAI, matsu
wait
9 strokes
TAIKI awaiting chance
SHŌTAI invitation
machibuse ambush
Bronze ; seal . Has 131 ‘road’, and
149 (‘temple’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘stop’. MS1995:v1:484-5; KJ1970:481;
YK1976:343-4.
Mnemonic: WAIT AT TEMPLE BESIDE ROAD
358
L4
代
DAI, TAI, kawaru/eru,
yo
replace, world,
generation, fee
5 strokes
SEDAI generation
KŌTAI alternation
heyaDAI room charge
Bronze ; seal . Has 41 ‘person’, and
311 (‘stake’, ‘marker’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘change’, to give overall meaning
‘substitute person’; subsequently took on
more abstract and generalised meanings: ‘substitution,
alternation, exchange, generation,
age’. KJ1970:889; YK1976:346-7; OT1968:46.
Mnemonic: PERSON REPLACED BY
STAKE – FOR A FEE
132 The 200 Third Grade Characters