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335
L3
勝
SHŌ, katsu, masaru
win, surpass
12 strokes
SHŌRI victory
SHŌBU win or lose, match
kachiKI will to win
Seal . Late graph (Shuowen). Has 78
‘strength’, and 1731 (now royal ‘We’, but
originally ‘join boat-planks’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘raise up’, giving ‘use strength
and raise up; endure’. ‘Win’ is extended meaning.
KJ1970:535; YK1976:274; OT1968:12. We suggest
using , 601 ‘man’, 209 ‘flesh’, and the two
strokes as horns.
Mnemonic: STRONG FLESHY MAN WITH
HORNS WILL WIN
336
L4
乗
JŌ, noru/seru
ride, mount, load
9 strokes
JŌSEN embarkation
JŌSŪ multiplier
norimono vehicle
Traditional . OBI form shows a person
astride top branches of a tree, i.e. climbing/
mounting, later with extended meanings of
ride and load. Some bronze forms have been
taken historically as including the component
for two feet pointing away from each other
(modern ), and this has then been incorporated
in later forms such as the traditional
above; Katō, however, sees this as a misinterpretation,
and treats it as simply a pictograph.
MS1995:v1:22-3; MR2007:427; KJ1970:555. Take
65 ‘two’ and variant of ‘come’ 237.
Mnemonic: TWO COME RIDING
337
L3
植
SHOKU, ueru
plant
12 strokes
SHOKUBUTSU flora
taue rice planting
SHOKUMINCHI colony
A late graph (Shuowen) . Comprises 73
‘tree’ and 192 (‘direct, upright’) as semantic
and phonetic, meaning ‘upright, stand upright’.
Ogawa regards ‘pillar’ as the original meaning.
Katō and Yamada treat the meanings
related to ‘plant, vegetation’ as a loan usage.
KJ1970:557-8; YK1976:283; OT1968:511.
Mnemonic: TREE PLANTED UPRIGHT
338
L3
申
SHIN, mōsu
say, expound
5 strokes
SHINKOKU report
mōshikomi application
mōshiwake apology
OBI ; seal . The OBI form represents forked
lightning, while the seal form, which depicts
the human backbone and a few ribs, is the basis
of the modern graph. That is, there are two distinct
graph shapes involved. The meaning ‘say’
is a loan usage. MS1995:v2:872-3; MR2007:521;
KJ1970:949-50; YK1976:285. We suggest using
66 ‘sun’ and a piercing element representing
lightning.
Mnemonic: THE SUN IS PIERCED BY
LIGHTNING! WHAT CAN ONE SAY?
The 200 Third Grade Characters 127