480531170

319
受
JU, ukeru
receive
L3
8 strokes
JUKENSHA examinee
uketori receipt
uketsuke reception
OBI ; bronze . Has two hands, each positioned
across from each other with 1450
‘boat’ in between. The latter element serves as
phonetic with associated meaning ‘hand across
from one side to the other’; originally the one
graph was used for both ‘receive’ and ‘give’,
but later (seal script) the separate graph
729 ‘give’ was devised so the ambiguity could
be avoided. MS1995:v1:198-9; KJ1970:507;
YK1976:246-7. We suggest taking as a baton,
with and as ‘hands’ (see 1739, 2003).
Mnemonic: HAND RECEIVES BATON FROM
ANOTHER’S HAND
320
州
SHŪ, su
province, sandbank
L3
6 strokes
HONSHŪ Honshū
SAsu sandbank
KYŪSHŪ Kyūshū
OBI ; bronze . Depicts an islet or sandbank
in a river (Ma says a piece of land big enough
to live on); in the seal script, the one islet or
similar is changed to three, resulting in the
standard script form of today. The meaning
was later made more general and extended to
large areas of land such as a state or province.
MS1995:v1:424-5; MR2007:449; KJ1970:511. We
suggest using ‘river’ 50.
Mnemonic: PROVINCE WITH RIVER AND
SANDBANK
321
L3
拾
SHŪ, JŪ, hirou
pick up, gather, ten
9 strokes
SHŪSHŪ control
hiroimono bargain, windfall
JŪICHI eleven (formal)
Late graph (Shuowen) . All agree on left
element being 34 ‘hand’, but not on 134
‘join’, which is taken as phonetic with associated
sense ‘continue’, and ‘pick up’ as a loan usage
322
L4
終
SHŪ, owaru/eru
finish, end
11 strokes
SHŪTEN terminus
SHŪSHIFU full stop
owari ni finally
(Katō, Yamada). Early Chinese sound values
for in relation to may support taking
as phonetic, but Tōdō treats it as semantic to
give a meaning ‘bring things together with the
hands’. ‘Pick up’ can be seen as extended usage.
In Tōdō’s word-family ‘bring together’. The
graph has also been borrowed to mean ‘ten’
(formal). KJ1970:520; YK1976:250; OT1968:413;
TA1965:796-9; AS2007:274,462.
Mnemonic: JOINED HANDS CAN PICK THINGS
UP OR COUNT TO TEN
OBI form and bronze form show a length
of string with knots at or near the ends, so by
extension ‘end’. Seal form onwards is generally
taken as 29 ‘silk/thread’, with 199
(‘winter’, qv) as phonetic with associated sense
‘gather, store’. Shirakawa explains as being
the first way of writing ‘end’ (as well as ‘winter’),
withadded to it later when came to be
used primarily for ‘winter’, thus distinguishing
the two words in writing. MS1995:v2:1010-11;
KJ1970:510; YK1976:252; SS1984:408.
Mnemonic: THREADS FINISH IN WINTER
The 200 Third Grade Characters 123