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298
L3
根
KON, ne
root, base
10 strokes
KONPON basis
DAIKON giant radish
yane roof
299
祭
SAI, matsuri, matsuru
festival, worship
L3
11 strokes
SAIJITSU holiday
SAIDAN altar
yukimatsuri Snow Festival
OBI forms , . Bronze forms , . OBI
forms are taken to show meat and wine being
placed by hand on an altar (though such
forms including ‘stand, altar’ are still uncom-
300
L3
皿
sara
dish, bowl, plate
5 strokes
haizara ashtray
ōzara large dish
saraarai dishwashing
301
L4
仕
SHI, JI, tsukaeru
serve, work, do
5 strokes
SHIgoto work
SHIkata way, means
SHIkumi arrangement
Bronze form onwards has 41 ‘person’, and
521 (‘male’/ ‘samurai’) as phonetic with
302
死
SHI, shinu
die, death
L4
6 strokes
SHITAI corpse
SHIKYO death
wakajini early death
OBI ; seal . OBI left-hand shows skeletal
remains (possibly occipital bone); right-hand
(person) is phonetic with associated sense i]
‘flesh rots and drops to ground’, giving ‘corpse
turns to bleached bones free of flesh’ (Katō), or
A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 73 ‘tree, wood’,
and (‘stop and stare’, see 281) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘root, stem’. In Tōdō’s word-family
‘stay still’. Thus the root/stem of a tree. ‘Origin’
and similar meanings are derived. KJ1970:411;
YK1976:191-2; TA1965:706-7; KJ1985:319.
Mnemonic: STOP AND STARE AT TREE ROOT
mon compared with bronze forms). Usage
was extended to ‘ceremonies to invoke the
deities’. Later forms appear to have excluded
the wine, the reasons for this being unclear.
MS1995:v2:948-50; SS1984:339; KJ1970:599;
YK1976:198. KJ1985:446-7; We suggest taking
the elements as ‘altar’/‘show’ 723 (see also
153),209 ‘meat’, and ‘hand’ .
Mnemonic: HAND PUTS MEAT ON ALTAR IN
FESTIVAL OF WORSHIP
OBI forms , show deeply curved bowl on
raised base. Later forms , show slightly
more elaborate versions, probably being
wrought in metal. MS1995:v2:900-02; QX2000:
179; MR2007:316; OT1968:690.
Mnemonic: DISH WITH VERTICAL STRIPES
associated sense either ‘work, serve’ (Katō, Yamada),
or ‘stand’ (Tōdō, Mizukami). Work in ancient
China was often done by slaves, but later
by servants, and so ‘serve’. Meanings given by
Schuessler include ‘take office, serve, retainer,
knight’. KJ1970:452; YK1976:214; TA1965:104-
06; MS1995:v1:44-5 AS2007:465.
Mnemonic: SAMURAI IS PERSON WHO
WORKS AND SERVES
ii] ‘divided up into small pieces’, giving ‘die and
bones come apart’ (Tōdō). In ancient China a person
was only seen as dead when the corpse became
a clean skeleton after exposure to weather
(Mizukami). By block script, left-hand changed
to , and right-hand to 匕 . Modern form comprises
, known as ‘meatless bones’ (cf ‘meaty
bone’ 877), with ‘fallen person’ 匕 (see 258).
KJ1970:466-7; SS1984:364; MS1995:v1:710-11;
TA1965:762-4.
Mnemonic: PERSON FALLS DEAD, SOON TO
BE BARE BONES
118 The 200 Third Grade Characters