480531170
258 L3 HENKAchange KESHŌmake-up bakemono‘spook’ Traditional 化 . OBI form depicts ‘person’ 41 (‘standing’), with element ( 匕 in 259 L4 化 荷 KA, KE, bakeru/kasu change, bewitch 4 strokes KA, ni load, burden 10 strokes SHUKKAconsignment funaniship’s cargo niMOTSUluggage A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 53 ‘plant, vegetation’, and 86 (‘what?’) as phonetic, Japanese) for person fallen down – indicating change of state – acting as phonetic with associated sense range ‘become different, imitate, false’. The graph is in Tōdō’s word-family meaning ‘change shape’. MS1995:v1:54-5; KJ1970:305-06; YK1976:77; TA1965:607-09. Mnemonic: STANDING MAN IS BEWITCHED AND FALLS DOWN CHANGED original meaning ‘lotus plant’. Early Chinese word for ‘carry on shoulder/back’ was originally written , but when came to be used for a near-homophone meaning ‘who?’, ‘what?’, was borrowed for ‘carry’. AS2007:273,275; YK1976:83; TA1965:583-6. Mnemonic: WHAT PLANTS ARE IN THAT LOAD? 260 界 KAI A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 63 ‘field’, and area, boundary 1094 (modern meaning ‘come between’) L4 9 strokes here as phonetic with associated sense ‘divide’, giving original meaning ‘divide up fields’. In SEKAIworld Tōdō’s word-family meaning ‘divide in two; KYŌKAIboundary interval, gap’. KJ1970:143; YK1976:90; SEIKAIworld of politics TA1965:601-05. Mnemonic: DIVIDE FIELDS INTO AREAS WITH BOUNDARIES 261 開 KAI, hiraku, akeru A relatively late graph (Shuowen) . Has 231 open ‘gate’, and an inner element taken i] as L4 12 strokes ‘face, oppose’ (the two leaves of opened gate facing each other) (Yamada, Katō), or ii] two KAIHATSUdevelopment hands reaching out to remove the crossbar KAISHIinception (Shirakawa, Ogawa). YK1976:91; KJ1970:143; hirakizunarip-cord SS1984:92-3; OT1968:1057. Mnemonic: HANDS REMOVE BAR AND OPEN GATE 262 階 KAI and 1099 (modern meaning ‘all, everyone’) storey, grade, step as phonetic with associated sense ‘be lined L3 12 strokes up’, or ‘be in unison’. KJ1970:152; YK1976:91; OT1968:1072. Note that the determinative KAIDANstairs can also occur as a right-hand element, with NIKAIupstairs different etymology and meaning; see 376 KAIKYŪclass, grade and 1907 for further discussion. Late graph (Shuowen) . Has determinative Mnemonic: ALL THE MOUNDS SHOULD HAVE ‘piled-up earth, mound’ (short form of 1907), STEPS LINED UP The 200 Third Grade Characters 109
263 L4 寒 KAN, samui cold 12 strokes KANPAcold spell/wave samuKEa chill KANDANKEIthermometer Bronze form A ; bronze form B ; seal form . Form A shows a roof/dwelling, with gathered vegetation inside to keep occupant warm from the cold (Shirakawa). Form B additionally has two horizontal lines sometimes taken to represent ice (Yamada), but ice was not normally represented in this way; instead, the lines might indicate mats to lie on (Shirakawa, Karlgren also in broad agreement). YK1976:102-3; BK1957:58; SS1984:124-5. We suggest taking middle part as 1575 ‘well’, as variant of 80 ‘six’, plus ‘ice’ 401. Mnemonic: SIX ROOFED WELLS ICE OVER IN THE COLD 264 感 KAN(jiru) A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 164 ‘heart’, feeling, emotion and (NJK graph based on a halberd: see e.g. L3 13 strokes 545) as phonetic with associated sense ‘shake’, to give ‘shaking heart’, and so ‘feeling, emotion’. KANSHINadmiration KJ1970:215; YK1976:104; OT1968:379. Suggest KANKAKUsense taking as ‘mouth’ 22. KANJŌfeelings, emotion Mnemonic: FEELING HEART IN THE MOUTH WHEN FACING A HALBERD 265 L4 漢 KAN Han China, male 13 strokes KANJIcharacter AKKANrogue KANSHIChinese poetry Ironically, one of the most etymologically obscure characters. Bronze . Has 42 ‘water’, with right-hand side as phonetic (associated sense unclear). Originally referred to the Han River (modern Shaanxi Province), one of the most important tributaries of the Yangtze River; later taken as name for the Han dynasty by its founder Liu Bang, as that region was where he began building the dynasty. At an early period, non-Han ethnic groups in China referred to Han Chinese as ‘sons of Han’, and by extension the general sense ‘male’. KJ1970:223; OT1968:599; YK1976:104; SS1984:128. We suggest taking the right hand element as 601 ‘man’, 22 ‘mouth’ and 53 ‘grass/plant’, with a little geographical licence. Mnemonic: MAN FROM MOUTH OF HAN RIVER IN GRASSY HAN CHINA 266 館 KAN large building, hall L4 16 strokes KAIKANhall RYOKANinn BIJUTSUKANart gallery Late graph (Shuowen) . Has 163 ‘meal/ eat’, and 465 (modern meaning ‘official’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘building to work in’, then ‘building’ in general or ‘house’ (Yamada). Shirakawa sees differently as originally a temporary building used by army on the move for ceremonial use, then ‘building’ in general sense. Katō takes the graph as ‘place to stay/eat’. KJ1970:335; YK1976:106; SS1984:131; KJ1985:669. Mnemonic: OFFICIAL EATS IN HALL 110 The 200 Third Grade Characters
- Page 60 and 61: 51 L5 52 L4 先 SEN, saki prior,
- Page 62 and 63: 59 L5 中 4 CHŪ, naka middle, insi
- Page 64 and 65: 68 年 NEN, toshi year L5 6 strokes
- Page 66 and 67: 76 L5 目 5 MOKU, me, ma eye, look,
- Page 68 and 69: 85 遠 EN, tōi distant L4 13 strok
- Page 70 and 71: 93 L5 会 KAI, E, au meet 6 stro
- Page 72 and 73: 101 L3 丸 3 GAN, maru, marui round
- Page 74 and 75: 110 L4 111 L4 京 KYŌ, KEI c
- Page 76 and 77: 118 L5 言 GEN, GON, koto, iu wo
- Page 78 and 79: 126 L3 公 KŌ, ōyake public, fair
- Page 80 and 81: 134 合 GŌ, KATSU, au/waseru Alter
- Page 82 and 83: 142 L3 算 SAN reckon, count 14
- Page 84 and 85: 150 L4 自 JI, SHI, mizukara sel
- Page 86 and 87: 158 春 SHUN, haru of ‘forest’.
- Page 88 and 89: 166 L4 親 SHIN, oya, shitashii
- Page 90 and 91: 174 L3 雪 SETSU, yuki snow 11 stro
- Page 92 and 93: 182 L4 体 TAI, TEI, karada body 7
- Page 94 and 95: 190 L4 鳥 CHŌ, tori bird 11 st
- Page 96 and 97: 199 冬 TŌ, fuyu winter L4 5 strok
- Page 98 and 99: 207 L3 内 NAI, DAI, uchi inside
- Page 100 and 101: 215 L3 番 BAN number, guard, tu
- Page 102 and 103: 224 L5 北 HOKU, kita north, fle
- Page 104 and 105: 233 L4 234 L5 野 YA, no moor
- Page 106 and 107: THE 200 THIRD GRADE CHARACTERS 241
- Page 108 and 109: 249 L4 院 IN institute 10 strok
- Page 112 and 113: 267 L3 岸 GAN, kishi bank, shor
- Page 114 and 115: 276 L4 去 KYO, KO, saru go, leave,
- Page 116 and 117: 285 L3 君 KUN, kimi lord, you, Mr
- Page 118 and 119: 294 向 KŌ, muku/keru/kau/kō turn
- Page 120 and 121: 303 L4 使 SHI, tsukau use, serv
- Page 122 and 123: 311 L3 式 SHIKI ceremony, form 6 s
- Page 124 and 125: 319 受 JU, ukeru receive L3 8 stro
- Page 126 and 127: 327 L3 宿 SHUKU, yado(ru) lodge, s
- Page 128 and 129: 335 L3 勝 SHŌ, katsu, masaru win,
- Page 130 and 131: 343 L4 進 SHIN, susumu/meru advanc
- Page 132 and 133: 351 L3 息 10 SOKU, iki breath, res
- Page 134 and 135: 359 第 DAI grade, order L3 11 stro
- Page 136 and 137: 367 丁 CHŌ, TEI block , exact L1
- Page 138 and 139: 375 転 TEN, korogeru/garu rotate,
- Page 140 and 141: 383 等 TŌ, hitoshii, nado class,
- Page 142 and 143: 391 L3 畑 hata, hatake (dry-) f
- Page 144 and 145: 400 L3 筆 HITSU, fude writing brus
- Page 146 and 147: 408 L4 服 FUKU clothes, yield,
- Page 148 and 149: 415 L4 味 MI, aji, ajiwau taste
- Page 150 and 151: 423 有 YŪ, U, aru have, exist L4
- Page 152 and 153: 430 L3 様 14 YŌ, sama situatio
- Page 154 and 155: 437 L3 列 RETSU row, line 6 str
- Page 156 and 157: texts for ‘use, employ, in order
- Page 158 and 159: 451 L3 塩 EN, shio salt 13 strokes
263<br />
L4<br />
寒<br />
KAN, samui<br />
cold<br />
12 strokes<br />
KANPAcold spell/wave<br />
samuKEa chill<br />
KANDANKEIthermometer<br />
Bronze form A ; bronze form B ; seal form<br />
. Form A shows a roof/dwelling, with gathered<br />
vegetation inside to keep occupant warm from<br />
the cold (Shirakawa). Form B additionally has<br />
two horizontal lines sometimes taken to represent<br />
ice (Yamada), but ice was not normally<br />
represented in this way; instead, the lines might<br />
indicate mats to lie on (Shirakawa, Karlgren also<br />
in broad agreement). YK1976:102-3; BK1957:58;<br />
SS1984:124-5. We suggest taking middle part<br />
as 1575 ‘well’, as variant of 80 ‘six’, plus<br />
‘ice’ 401.<br />
Mnemonic: SIX ROOFED WELLS ICE OVER IN<br />
THE COLD<br />
264<br />
感<br />
KAN(jiru)<br />
A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 164 ‘heart’,<br />
feeling, emotion and (NJK graph based on a halberd: see e.g.<br />
L3<br />
13 strokes<br />
545) as phonetic with associated sense ‘shake’,<br />
to give ‘shaking heart’, and so ‘feeling, emotion’.<br />
KANSHINadmiration<br />
KJ1970:215; YK1976:104; OT1968:379. Suggest<br />
KANKAKUsense<br />
taking as ‘mouth’ 22.<br />
KANJŌfeelings, emotion<br />
Mnemonic: FEELING HEART IN THE MOUTH<br />
WHEN FACING A HALBERD<br />
265<br />
L4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
漢<br />
KAN<br />
Han China, male<br />
13 strokes<br />
KANJIcharacter<br />
AKKANrogue<br />
KANSHIChinese poetry<br />
Ironically, one of the most etymologically<br />
obscure characters. Bronze . Has 42 ‘water’,<br />
with right-hand side as phonetic (associated<br />
sense unclear). Originally referred to the Han<br />
River (modern Shaanxi Province), one of the<br />
most important tributaries of the Yangtze River;<br />
later taken as name for the Han dynasty by its<br />
founder Liu Bang, as that region was where he<br />
began building the dynasty. At an early period,<br />
non-Han ethnic groups in China referred to<br />
Han Chinese as ‘sons of Han’, and by<br />
extension the general sense ‘male’. KJ1970:223;<br />
OT1968:599; YK1976:104; SS1984:128. We suggest<br />
taking the right hand element as 601<br />
‘man’, 22 ‘mouth’ and 53 ‘grass/plant’, with<br />
a little geographical licence.<br />
Mnemonic: MAN FROM MOUTH OF HAN<br />
RIVER IN GRASSY HAN CHINA<br />
266<br />
館<br />
KAN<br />
large building, hall<br />
L4<br />
16 strokes<br />
KAIKANhall<br />
RYOKANinn<br />
BIJUTSUKANart gallery<br />
Late graph (Shuowen) . Has 163 ‘meal/<br />
eat’, and 465 (modern meaning ‘official’) as<br />
phonetic with associated sense ‘building to<br />
work in’, then ‘building’ in general or ‘house’<br />
(Yamada). Shirakawa sees differently as originally<br />
a temporary building used by army on<br />
the move for ceremonial use, then ‘building’ in<br />
general sense. Katō takes the graph as ‘place to<br />
stay/eat’. KJ1970:335; YK1976:106; SS1984:131;<br />
KJ1985:669.<br />
Mnemonic: OFFICIAL EATS IN HALL<br />
110 The 200 Third Grade Characters
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