480531170

Appendix) was originally intended for ‘come’
(see also 213). MS1995:v1:62-4; QX2000:287-
8; MR2007:329; KJ1970:286-7; SS1984:1861;
AS2007:374, 342-3. We suggest taking the modern
components as 35 ‘ten’and 220 ‘rice’.
Mnemonic: WHEAT COMES TO BE TEN
GRAINS OF RICE!?
238
里
RI, sato
village, league
L1
7 strokes
ICHIRI1 ri (= 2.44 miles)
satogofoster child
satoimotaro
Bronze shows 63 ‘field’ and 64 ‘earth/
ground’ to give meaning ‘ground/land in form
of paths or ridges separating fields’ (Katō,
Yamada); Yamada takes ‘village’ as loan usage.
Tōdō, alternatively, includes in word-family
meaning ‘line; draw a line’, and takes ‘village’ as
extended usage on basis of arranging dwellings
in grid pattern. KJ1970:902; YK1976:491;
TA1965:100-02.
Mnemonic: GROUND MADE INTO
FIELDS – INDICATES VILLAGE
239
理
RI
reason, rational
L4
11 strokes
RISEIrationality
MURIunreasonable
RIYŪreason
A late graph (Shuowen) . Has 15 ‘jewel/
jade’, and 238 (‘village’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘split (jade in accordance with
the vein patterning)’. The meaning seems to
have progressed from ‘make a jade vessel’ to a
more general ‘organise (something)’. In Tōdō’s
‘(draw) a line’ word-family, here ‘draw a logical
line’. KJ1970:902; YK1976:491-2; TA1965:100-02.
We suggest taking the ‘dotless’ jade determinative
as ‘king’ 5.
Mnemonic: THE KING HAS COME TO THE
VILLAGE – MUST BE SOME REASON
240
話
WA, hanashi, hanasu
speech, talk
L5
13 strokes
KAIWAconversation
WADAItopic (of talk)
kobanashitale
A late graph (Shuowen) . The left hand element
is 118 ‘words, speak’. Scholars differ
in interpreting the right-hand element in seal
script. Katō takes it as 755 (‘tongue’) being
phonetic with associated sense ‘good’ (i.e. good
words), while Yamada takes not as ‘tongue’
but as standing for an NJK graph (‘scrape,
shave off’) as phonetic, also with associated
sense ‘good’. Tōdō takes the right-hand element
as 93, likewise as phonetic, and includes
in word-family meaning ‘join together’. ‘Story’
and ‘to talk’ are treated as extended usage.
KJ1970:322; YK1976:509; TA1965:643-6.
Mnemonic: TONGUE IS USED TO TALK
WORDS IN SPEECH
104 The 160 Second Grade Characters