480531170

233
L4
234
L5
野
YA, no
moor, wild
11 strokes
YASEIwild
YAKYŪbaseball
noharamoor, field
友
YŪ, tomo
friend
4 strokes
YŪJINfriend
YŪJŌfriendship
tomodachifriend
The graph made up of these elements can be
traced back only as far as the seal script
(Shuowen). It comprises 238 ‘village’, and
425 (‘already’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘calm, quiet’. KJ1970:874; MS1995:v2:1356;
YK1976:474.
Mnemonic: VILLAGE ALREADY BUILT ON
WILD MOOR
OBI form shows two hands together,
to signify ‘help’, ‘togetherness’, and so also
‘friend’. MR2007:271; KJ1970:38; SS1984:832;
YK1976:477-8.
Mnemonic: TWO HANDS TOGETHER IS A
SIGN OF FRIENDSHIP
235
用
YŌ, mochiiru
OBI form is widely taken to show a pen for
use
animals which were sometimes used in the
L4
5 strokes
Shang dynasty for sacrifice; ‘use’ is probably
loan usage. Ma interprets it as depicting a
YŌJIbusiness
bucket. SS1984:844; KJ1970:885; YK1976:482;
YŌIpreparation
AS2007:577; MR2007:283.
AKUYŌabuse
Mnemonic: MAKE USE OF A FENCE
236
曜
YŌ
day of week, shine
L4
18 strokes
YŌbiday of week
KAYŌbiTuesday
SHICHIYŌdays of week
Late graph, not in Shuowen. Noted in late 6th
century AD Yupian as having same meaning
as (NJK), i.e. ‘shine’, and Yamada and Katō
treat 324 (‘bird’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘shine’. Morohashi, though, explains
the Japanese-only sense ‘day of the week’ as:
‘shine’/‘bright’ 228, which gives 66 ‘sun’
and 18 ‘moon’, to which was added the traditional
five-planet group (Mars,
Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn respectively);
each of these seven then combines with to
give ‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, and so on.
KJ1970:84; YK1976:486; MT1989:v5:945. Suggest
taking in its two meanings of sun and
day, and as its elements, ‘wings’ 82 and
‘bird’ 324.
Mnemonic: SUN WINGS ITS WAY LIKE A BIRD
– ANOTHER DAY PASSES
237
来
RAI, kuru, kitaru/su Traditional ; OBI . Treated by almost all
come
scholars as based on pictograph of wheat /
L5
7 strokes
barley, which was then borrowed as a loan
for the (near/) homophonous word for ‘come’.
RAIGETSUnext month
Frequently used already in OBI texts for ‘come’.
SHINRAISHAnewcomer
dekigotooccurrence
But Pulleyblank suggests that is the original
graph for the cereal, and that the separate
graph , meaning ‘wheat’ (with ‘foot’, see
The 160 Second Grade Characters 103