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Appendix A: How to Read Music
337
Number in What It’s What It Means
Figure A-1 Called
18 Tie A short curved line that connects two notes of the
same pitch is known as a tie. A tie tells you to not
strike the second of the two notes, but to leave the
first note sustaining for the combined time value of
both notes.
19 Augmenta- A dot appearing after a note increases that note’s time
tion dot (also value by half. If a half note is equal to two beats, for
called a dot) example, a dotted half note is equal to three — two
plus half of two, or two plus one, or three.
Expression, articulation, and miscellaneous
terms and symbols
Expression and articulation deal with how you play the music. Table A-3, in
conjunction with Figure A-1, tells you about the symbols and terms that deal
with these issues. Table A-3 deals with the symbols numbered 20 to 26 in
Figure A-1.
Table A-3
Expression, Articulation, and Miscellaneous Symbols
Number in What It’s What It Means
Figure A-1 Called
20 Dynamic A dynamic marking tells you how loud or soft to play.
marking These markings are usually abbreviations of Italian
words. Some of the common markings, from soft to
loud, are pp (pianissimo), very soft; p (piano), soft;
mp (mezzo-piano), moderately soft; mf (mezzo-forte),
moderately loud; f (forte), loud; and ff (fortissimo),
very loud.
(continued)
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