RAND_MR1382

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ABOUT THE EDITORS John Arquilla is associate professor of defense analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School and a consultant to <strong>RAND</strong>. David Ronfeldt is a senior social scientist working in the International Policy and Security Group at <strong>RAND</strong>. Their publications include In Athena’s Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age, The Zapatista “Social Netwar” in Mexico, The Emergence of Noopolitik, and Swarming and the Future of Conflict.
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The Future of Terror, Crime, and Mi
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To Dick O’Neill, for his stalwart
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Defense, the Joint Staff, the unifi
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Chapter Eight ACTIVISM, HACKTIVISM,
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must continue to keep an eye on the
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are deeply grate
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as a looming mode of military confl
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With respect to Serbia, then, a bet
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of any node included in it, may be
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more about technology than organiza
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charged with taking care of specifi
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The limits on some successes and th
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the rise of netwar should prompt a
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Brin, David, The Transparent Societ
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9 This is just a short exemplary st
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Chapter Two THE NETWORKING OF TERRO
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The Emergence of Networked Terroris
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integration of communication and co
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technologies such as encryption all
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(Hoffman, 1998, p. 131). Terrorists
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terrorists who rely on the Internet
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Future Developments in Information-
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Figure 2.1—Possible Shifts in the
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hire,” and the availability of ef
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www.fas.org/irp/threat/commission.h
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Nohria, Nitin, and Robert Eccles, e
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Department of the Army, 1997. 19 Fo
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Chapter Three TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINA
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policymakers concerned with develop
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there are relatively strong, direct
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Other networks will have a more end
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network a capacity to operate with
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deals. The importance of these netw
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The specific connections that facil
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superiority—the equivalent of an
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was a fascinating mix. It included
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elationships between the Christian
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organizations have hierarchical str
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example, in identifying some of the
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provide an important value-added ap
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Transformations,” in Stark and Gr
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changes benefit from these new tech
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outside of the realm of true terror
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hardcore Category C nucleus. Catego
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millennialist cults and such transn
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For the most part, these gangs are
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attling gangs in Cape Town and the
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Colombian cartels, and the imprison
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unknown actors in Seattle and elsew
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esponse. Finally, TEW utilizes an
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23 Consider Japan’s intelligence
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Part II SOCIAL NETWARS
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Burma (a small, and to many, obscur
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Whereas McLuhan declared “the med
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years and fines of up to $5,000 for
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Massachusetts. The “selective pur
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central in using electronic communi
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THE FREE BURMA COALITION AND THE PE
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Students at Harvard tapped into the
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eleased a list of their suppliers f
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Simons was in his high school Amnes
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Case studies and an Internet activi
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when a campaign scores successes. T
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transmit, almost in real-time, debr
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warning was made virtually unanimou
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7 See, for example, Marshall McLuha
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investment, the standard of living
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Chapter Six EMERGENCE AND INFLUENCE
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hierarchical layer—at least initi
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Chiapas and Mexico City in “swarm
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Transnational NGO Mobilization—A
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Acting in tandem with these organiz
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only to the conflict in Chiapas but
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comment outside as well as inside M
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and political ideals and similar co
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Cleaver, Harry, “The Zapatista Ef
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Thomas, Hugh, Conquest: Montezuma,
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The success of that networking was
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outlining their strategies and tact
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conference, rather than the success
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vandalism and nearly all of the loo
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direct transmissions from roving in
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Network planned to shut down the WT
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gas was an attempt to expand and re
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Assistant Chief Joiner was turning
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The Black Bloc engaged in vandalism
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of the AFL-CIO retreat from downtow
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for the four hours that President C
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Around midnight, the disorder had d
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vandalism by anarchists, or a divid
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summer of 2001 in Genoa indicate th
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Chapter Eight ACTIVISM, HACKTIVISM,
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The following sections discuss and
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including Western news sites. In Ap
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devastation, the latter caused not
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Privacy Information Center (EPIC),
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open.” On the downside, some post
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independence, sustained air strikes
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about an esoteric bank regulation,
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generate so much traffic against th
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actions to defend against an attack
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on three continents. Chris Ellison,
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purpose is, NATO led by U.S.A. must
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eported intrusions from outsiders.
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In the 1980s, Barry Collin, a senio
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Cyberdefense The main effect of cyb
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policymakers. It supports both open
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37 Andrew Brown, “Editors Wanted,
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89 Amy Harmon, “‘Hacktivists’
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Chapter Nine THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIA
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enough expert agreement to support
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While the press often picks out an
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It is not only those famed as evang
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and united counteraction by the “
Page 231 and 232: ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONS The type of orga
Page 233 and 234: pass a bill to establish the Bounda
Page 235 and 236: Gerlach, Luther P. 1978. “The Gre
Page 237 and 238: Chapter Ten WHAT NEXT FOR NETWORKS
Page 239 and 240: and “have-nots” portends a new
Page 241 and 242: Classic studies concern topics like
Page 243 and 244: still do) as to precisely what is a
Page 245 and 246: also characterize some sprawling te
Page 247 and 248: speed. It shows that such a partner
Page 249 and 250: and social scenes of Medellin and C
Page 251 and 252: depend on the existence of shared p
Page 253 and 254: gas and clubs, another would move i
Page 255 and 256: from other interesting cases of net
Page 257 and 258: THE PRACTICE OF NETWAR (AND COUNTER
Page 259 and 260: But today’s concept of globalizat
Page 261 and 262: Figure 10.1—The Two Axes of Strat
Page 263 and 264: world today, we see little sustaine
Page 265 and 266: Carr, Edward Hallett, The Twenty Ye
Page 267 and 268: Kumar, Kuldeep, and Han G. van Diss
Page 269 and 270: Shaw, Marvin, Group Dynamics: The P
Page 271 and 272: 22 From Dan Barry and Al Baker, “
Page 273 and 274: 02, Central Intelligence Agency, De
Page 275 and 276: AFTERWORD (SEPTEMBER 2001): THE SHA
Page 277 and 278: was no doubt the bombing of the Kho
Page 279 and 280: Harper & Row, 1951. Johnson, Steven
Page 281: CONTRIBUTORS Paul de Armond is dire
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