RAND_MR1382

Conference, October 1997, pp. 285–289.
122 National Research Council, Computers at Risk, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991.
123 Kevin Soo Hoo, Seymour Goodman, and Lawrence Greenberg, “Information Technology and the Terrorist Threat,”
Survival, Vol. 39, No. 3, Autumn 1997, pp. 135–155. See also unpublished RAND research by Martin Libicki, James
Mulvenon, and Zalmay Khalilzad, on information warfare, which examines these issues in some detail.
124 Barry Collin, “The Future of Cyberterrorism,” Crime and Justice International, March 1997, pp. 15–18. In terms of
scenario building, RAND’s longstanding “The Day After … in Cyberspace” research effort has done much pioneering work.
See, for example, Roger C. Molander, Andrew S. Riddile, and Peter A. Wilson, Strategic Information Warfare: A New Face
of War, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 1996.
125 Mark M. Pollitt, “Cyberterrorism: Fact or Fancy?” Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems Security
Conference, October 1997, pp. 285–289.
126 Clark L. Staten, testimony before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism and Government Information, U.S.
Senate Judiciary Committee, February 24, 1998.
127 “‘Dangerous’ Militant Stalks Internet,” Detroit News, November 9, 1998.
128 G.A. Res. 53/70, U.N. GAOR, 53rd Sess., U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/70.
129 Critical Foundations: Protecting America’s Infrastructures, The Report of the President’s Commission on Critical
Infrastructure Protection, October 1997, report summary, www.pccip.gov.
130 Ibid.
131 Ibid.
132 Protecting America’s Critical Infrastructures: PDD 63, The White House, May 22, 1998. See also the White Paper The
Clinton Administration’s Policy on Critical Infrastructure Protection: Presidential Decision Directive 63, May 22, 1998, and
“National Infrastructure Assurance Council,” Executive Order, The White House, July 14, 1999.
133 CIWARS Intelligence Report, Centre for Infrastructural Warfare Studies, June 21, 1998; “Pentagon Computer Systems
Hacked,” Info Security News, June 1998; Douglas Pasternak and Bruce B. Auster, “Terrorism at the Touch of a Keyboard,”
U.S. News & World Report, July 13, 1998, p. 37.