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44 Ibid. 45 Additional discussion of the role of networked responses to networked threats, including a discussion of TEW and its emerging counterparts, can be found in Robert J. Bunker, “Defending Against the Non-State (Criminal) Soldier: Toward a Domestic Response Network,” The Police Chief, November 1998.
Part II SOCIAL NETWARS
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The Future of Terror, Crime, and Mi
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To Dick O’Neill, for his stalwart
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Defense, the Joint Staff, the unifi
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Chapter Eight ACTIVISM, HACKTIVISM,
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must continue to keep an eye on the
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are deeply grate
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as a looming mode of military confl
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With respect to Serbia, then, a bet
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of any node included in it, may be
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more about technology than organiza
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charged with taking care of specifi
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The limits on some successes and th
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the rise of netwar should prompt a
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Brin, David, The Transparent Societ
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9 This is just a short exemplary st
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Chapter Two THE NETWORKING OF TERRO
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The Emergence of Networked Terroris
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integration of communication and co
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technologies such as encryption all
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(Hoffman, 1998, p. 131). Terrorists
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terrorists who rely on the Internet
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Future Developments in Information-
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Figure 2.1—Possible Shifts in the
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hire,” and the availability of ef
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www.fas.org/irp/threat/commission.h
Page 53 and 54: Nohria, Nitin, and Robert Eccles, e
Page 55 and 56: Department of the Army, 1997. 19 Fo
Page 57 and 58: Chapter Three TRANSNATIONAL CRIMINA
Page 59 and 60: policymakers concerned with develop
Page 61 and 62: there are relatively strong, direct
Page 63 and 64: Other networks will have a more end
Page 65 and 66: network a capacity to operate with
Page 67 and 68: deals. The importance of these netw
Page 69 and 70: The specific connections that facil
Page 71 and 72: superiority—the equivalent of an
Page 73 and 74: was a fascinating mix. It included
Page 75 and 76: elationships between the Christian
Page 77 and 78: organizations have hierarchical str
Page 79 and 80: example, in identifying some of the
Page 81 and 82: provide an important value-added ap
Page 83 and 84: Transformations,” in Stark and Gr
Page 85 and 86: changes benefit from these new tech
Page 87 and 88: outside of the realm of true terror
Page 89 and 90: hardcore Category C nucleus. Catego
Page 91 and 92: millennialist cults and such transn
Page 93 and 94: For the most part, these gangs are
Page 95 and 96: attling gangs in Cape Town and the
Page 97 and 98: Colombian cartels, and the imprison
Page 99 and 100: unknown actors in Seattle and elsew
Page 101 and 102: esponse. Finally, TEW utilizes an
Page 103: 23 Consider Japan’s intelligence
Page 107 and 108: Burma (a small, and to many, obscur
Page 109 and 110: Whereas McLuhan declared “the med
Page 111 and 112: years and fines of up to $5,000 for
Page 113 and 114: Massachusetts. The “selective pur
Page 115 and 116: central in using electronic communi
Page 117 and 118: THE FREE BURMA COALITION AND THE PE
Page 119 and 120: Students at Harvard tapped into the
Page 121 and 122: eleased a list of their suppliers f
Page 123 and 124: Simons was in his high school Amnes
Page 125 and 126: Case studies and an Internet activi
Page 127 and 128: when a campaign scores successes. T
Page 129 and 130: transmit, almost in real-time, debr
Page 131 and 132: warning was made virtually unanimou
Page 133 and 134: 7 See, for example, Marshall McLuha
Page 135 and 136: investment, the standard of living
Page 137 and 138: Chapter Six EMERGENCE AND INFLUENCE
Page 139 and 140: hierarchical layer—at least initi
Page 141 and 142: Chiapas and Mexico City in “swarm
Page 143 and 144: Transnational NGO Mobilization—A
Page 145 and 146: Acting in tandem with these organiz
Page 147 and 148: only to the conflict in Chiapas but
Page 149 and 150: comment outside as well as inside M
Page 151 and 152: and political ideals and similar co
Page 153 and 154: Cleaver, Harry, “The Zapatista Ef
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Thomas, Hugh, Conquest: Montezuma,
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The success of that networking was
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outlining their strategies and tact
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conference, rather than the success
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vandalism and nearly all of the loo
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direct transmissions from roving in
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Network planned to shut down the WT
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gas was an attempt to expand and re
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Assistant Chief Joiner was turning
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The Black Bloc engaged in vandalism
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of the AFL-CIO retreat from downtow
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for the four hours that President C
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Around midnight, the disorder had d
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vandalism by anarchists, or a divid
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summer of 2001 in Genoa indicate th
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Chapter Eight ACTIVISM, HACKTIVISM,
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The following sections discuss and
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including Western news sites. In Ap
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devastation, the latter caused not
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Privacy Information Center (EPIC),
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open.” On the downside, some post
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independence, sustained air strikes
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about an esoteric bank regulation,
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generate so much traffic against th
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actions to defend against an attack
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on three continents. Chris Ellison,
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purpose is, NATO led by U.S.A. must
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eported intrusions from outsiders.
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In the 1980s, Barry Collin, a senio
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Cyberdefense The main effect of cyb
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policymakers. It supports both open
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37 Andrew Brown, “Editors Wanted,
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89 Amy Harmon, “‘Hacktivists’
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Chapter Nine THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIA
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enough expert agreement to support
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While the press often picks out an
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It is not only those famed as evang
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and united counteraction by the “
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ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONS The type of orga
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pass a bill to establish the Bounda
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Gerlach, Luther P. 1978. “The Gre
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Chapter Ten WHAT NEXT FOR NETWORKS
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and “have-nots” portends a new
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Classic studies concern topics like
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still do) as to precisely what is a
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also characterize some sprawling te
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speed. It shows that such a partner
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and social scenes of Medellin and C
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depend on the existence of shared p
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gas and clubs, another would move i
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from other interesting cases of net
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THE PRACTICE OF NETWAR (AND COUNTER
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But today’s concept of globalizat
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Figure 10.1—The Two Axes of Strat
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world today, we see little sustaine
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Carr, Edward Hallett, The Twenty Ye
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Kumar, Kuldeep, and Han G. van Diss
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Shaw, Marvin, Group Dynamics: The P
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22 From Dan Barry and Al Baker, “
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02, Central Intelligence Agency, De
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AFTERWORD (SEPTEMBER 2001): THE SHA
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was no doubt the bombing of the Kho
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Harper & Row, 1951. Johnson, Steven
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CONTRIBUTORS Paul de Armond is dire
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