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7.4. Results Interannual RET results are presented for the period of available data. Figures of annual temperature RET and precipitation along with linear trends are shown in the following sub-sections. Results are organized in three geographical areas: West of Argentina and Paraguay; Paraguay River and littoral of Argentina and East of Paraguay. 7.4.1. West of Argentina and Paraguay Real evaporation trends This is the region of the La Plata basin, west of the Paraguay- Paraná axes where the runoff is very small and the contributions to the larger rivers are the lowest of the whole basin. In this region the positive trend of the precipitation and of the RET is more evident that in the mean annual temperature. In the case of the Santiago del Estero location, Argentina, the mean temperature trend is of just 0.017ºC/year, while both the rainfall and the RET trend is or the order of 2 mm/year, see figure 7.3 (a, b, c). On the other hand, at Mariscal Estigarribia, Paraguay, the mean temperature trend is slightly negative, of the order of -0.015ºC/year, being the only analyzed location with negative trend. Notwithstanding, precipitation and RET have very high linear trend values, 10.7 mm/year and 6 mm/year, respectively. In this semiarid region, where precipitation barely overpasses the RET (PET is most of the time larger than both, precipitation and RET), an increase in rainfall traduces in similar increases in the RET. Although this may not be true for each year because of temperature fluctuations, it is however confirmed in the long-term trends. 7.4.2. Río Paraguay and Litoral of Argentina These localities are in the central axes of the La Plata basin, more precisely over the Paraguay and Paraná rivers, with the exception of Junín that however is at the same western longitude. In the localities of Northern Paraguay, in the high basin of the Paraguay River and in the southern part of the Pantanal basin, there are positive trends in the mean temperature, both in Puerto Casado and in Concepción. Trends in the RET are also positive in both localities, although with a larger magnitude in Puerto Casado, with values of the order of 3 mm/year as compared with the 0.4 mm/year in Concepción. The precipitation trends have the same order of magnitude than the RET of both localities. 91
a) b) c) Mean Temperature Real evaporation trends Fig. 7.3. (a) Trend of the mean annual temperature of Santiago del Estero, Argentina; (b) Idem of ETR; (c) Idem of precipitation. 92
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CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE LA PLATA BASI
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INDEX FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . .
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7.3. Methodology . . . . . . . . .
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13.3. Regional validation of GCM fo
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1.1. Dropping the hypothesis of sta
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Introduction as they pour water ove
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A better understanding of the obser
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References Introduction Barros, V.
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ABSTRACT The hydrologic cycle of th
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La Plata basin climatology Within t
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in this last description, although
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warm season (October-April), in the
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La Plata basin climatology b. Upper
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La Plata basin climatology 2.3.3. R
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La Plata basin climatology Fig. 2.8
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2.3.7. West and South borders La Pl
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References La Plata basin climatolo
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La Plata basin climatology Robertso
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3.1. Introduction Interannual low f
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Interannual low frequency variabili
Page 41 and 42: 1989). This signal varies along eac
Page 43 and 44: Interannual low frequency variabili
Page 45 and 46: The main physiographic and hydrolog
Page 47 and 48: SUB-BASIN COUNTRY Argentina Bolivia
Page 49 and 50: the most important stretches of the
Page 51 and 52: Physiography and Hydrology The Para
Page 53 and 54: Physiography and Hydrology The Pant
Page 55 and 56: Physiography and Hydrology forcings
Page 57 and 58: Physiography and Hydrology It is no
Page 59 and 60: Physiography and Hydrology tion of
Page 61 and 62: Physiography and Hydrology INTERNAV
Page 63 and 64: 5.1. Introduction Precipitation and
Page 65 and 66: From 1956 to 1991, in most of the A
Page 67 and 68: -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -15 -20 -25
Page 69 and 70: Regional precipitation trends 5.3.2
Page 71 and 72: Regional precipitation trends and L
Page 73 and 74: trast, other regions suffer floodin
Page 75 and 76: ABSTRACT The main hydrological tren
Page 77 and 78: Following are the observed changes:
Page 79 and 80: In the case of the Paraná River th
Page 81 and 82: Hydrological trends In order to com
Page 83 and 84: Hydrological trends In table 6.1 it
Page 85 and 86: Hydrological trends On the other ha
Page 87 and 88: the central area of the high basin
Page 89 and 90: 7.1. Introduction Several authors,
Page 91: Real evaporation trends a) PET > Pi
Page 95 and 96: a) b) c) Mean Temperature Real evap
Page 97 and 98: The positive trends of the mean tem
Page 99 and 100: d) e) f) Mean Temperature Real evap
Page 101 and 102: a) b) c) Mean Temperature Real evap
Page 103 and 104: 7.5. Discussion and final comments
Page 105 and 106: ABSTRACT The water, as resource, is
Page 107 and 108: puts in risk large number of person
Page 109 and 110: The main services and problems of w
Page 111 and 112: There are similar problems in diffe
Page 113 and 114: 8.3.3. Energy a. Hydroelectric depe
Page 115 and 116: (chapters 12 and 13), because of th
Page 117 and 118: The main services and problems of w
Page 119 and 120: 9.1. Introduction The emissions of
Page 121 and 122: 9.4. Greenhouse effect The atmosphe
Page 123 and 124: Temperature anomalies (°C) 0.8 0.6
Page 125 and 126: Global climatic change at a global
Page 127 and 128: In view of the unavoidability of th
Page 129 and 130: Background on other regional aspect
Page 135 and 136: Considering the non-linear interact
Page 137 and 138: SST anomalies also have influence o
Page 141 and 142: ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapte
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Global climate models Mid-1970’s
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Global climate models Table 11.1. B
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Global climate models Table 11.2. M
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Although changes in weather and cli
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Socio-economic variables and also s
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Applicability in impact assessments
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of the global climate system to the
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Climate scenarios B2: Assumes a wor
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Climate scenarios The reliability o
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Climate scenarios From Table 12.2 i
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Climate scenarios Fig. 12.5. The mu
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Climate scenarios this would be rel
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Results of global circulation model
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13.2.3. Statistical downscaling The
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La Plata basin are also considerabl
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10 N EQ 10 S 20 S 30 S 40 S 50 S 10
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Regional climatic scenarios Fig. 13
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a. Pre-industrial experiment: Initi
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Regional climatic scenarios Kalnay,
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Low-frequency variability 14.1. Bac
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egime occurred during the periods o
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Fig. 14.2. As Fig. 14.1, except for
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14.4. SST composites Low-frequency
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Low-frequency variability during th
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Fig. 14.10. As Fig. 14.9, except fo
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Low-frequency variability In genera
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Low-frequency variability Mantua, N
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15.1. Introduction Statistical anal
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Statistical analysis of extreme eve
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CURRÍCULA OF THE AUTHORS Vicente B
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Curricula of the autors Rubén Mari
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Proyect: SGP II 057: “Trends in t
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