6. History of Art and Culture
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ROMAN EMPIRE<br />
LECTURE 6
ROMAN EMPIRE<br />
• 100 B.C. to 300 A.D<br />
• Empire stretched from Engl<strong>and</strong> to Egypt,<br />
Spain to Russia.<br />
• Ruled by an emperor.<br />
• Roman culture was a mixture <strong>of</strong> older<br />
cultures.<br />
• Within its borders lived millions <strong>of</strong> people <strong>of</strong><br />
different races, cultures, religions <strong>and</strong><br />
languages.
LOCATION
LOCATION
LOCATION
ROME<br />
• A republic is a form <strong>of</strong> government where<br />
people elect representatives.<br />
• The United States has a representative<br />
government.<br />
• We learned about this form <strong>of</strong> government<br />
from the Romans.
ROME’S FIRST EMPEROR<br />
• Octavia is Roe’s<br />
first emperor.<br />
• He took the name<br />
Augustus Caesar.<br />
• Under his rule,<br />
Rome exp<strong>and</strong>ed<br />
<strong>and</strong> enjoyed a<br />
period <strong>of</strong> peace.
ROMAN ART<br />
• Heavily influenced by Greek art. Roman art is<br />
less religious <strong>and</strong> less idealized than Greek<br />
<strong>Art</strong>.<br />
• More commemorative<br />
• Rome built great roads to travel on <strong>and</strong><br />
aqueducts to bring water into the city.<br />
• Rome also built great stadiums <strong>and</strong><br />
amphitheaters for the entertainment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
people.<br />
• Romans also developed the use <strong>of</strong> the arch.
ROMAN ART
ROMAN ART<br />
• Mosaics<br />
• Great statues made<br />
from stone.
ROMAN ART<br />
Capitoline She-Wolf, 500-480 B.C, bronze.
ROMAN ART<br />
Sarcophagus, sculpture, 520 B.C, terra cotta.
ROMAN ART<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> a Roman,<br />
1st century BC,<br />
Marble,<br />
4.”.
ROMAN ART<br />
Apollo <strong>of</strong> Veii, the ro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
Portonaccio Temple, 510-500 B.C.
ROMAN SCULPTURE<br />
Marble portrait <strong>of</strong> Constantine, 330.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
• Colosseum is the largest <strong>and</strong> most important<br />
amphitheater in the world.<br />
• Built <strong>of</strong> concrete <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong>.<br />
• 5,000 pairs <strong>of</strong> gladiators <strong>and</strong> 11,000 animals<br />
were killed in the event.<br />
• Used for gladiatorial contests, battles, animal<br />
hunts, executions, chariot races, reenactments<br />
<strong>of</strong> famous battles, <strong>and</strong> dramas<br />
based on Classical mythology.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 72-80 CE.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 72-80 CE.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 72-80 CE.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
• A Triumphal Arch is a heavily decorated arch<br />
used by the Romans to celebrate a successful<br />
military campaign.<br />
• Upon return from battle the victorious would<br />
march through the arch in celebration.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Triumphal Arch,<br />
Rome,<br />
Paris.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
• The Aqueduct System was a system used by<br />
the Romans to bring water down out <strong>of</strong> the<br />
mountains to be used in the city.<br />
• Gravitational flow <strong>and</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> arches in<br />
construction help make this system work.<br />
• Water distribution system.<br />
• Moved water through gravity alone.<br />
• Water piper made <strong>of</strong> concrete or lead.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Pot du Gard, Nîes, Frace, L: 9 ’ ; H: 6 ’ .
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
The Pantheon, Rome (Early Empire, 117–125 CE).
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
• Roman temple.<br />
• "<strong>of</strong>, relating to, or common to all the gods"<br />
• The building is circular with a portico <strong>of</strong> large<br />
granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first<br />
rank <strong>and</strong> two groups <strong>of</strong> four behind) under<br />
a pediment.<br />
• A c<strong>of</strong>fered concrete dome, with a central<br />
opening (oculus) to the sky.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
The Pantheon,<br />
Rome,<br />
Early Empire,<br />
117–125 CE.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
The Pantheon, Rome (Early Empire, 117–125 CE).
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Arches can be used together to create vaults<br />
(barrel <strong>and</strong> groin) <strong>and</strong> domes as well as to<br />
create unique interior spaces.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE<br />
Ara Pacis <strong>of</strong> Augustus, 13-9 B.C.
ROMAN ART<br />
Imperial Procession from the Ara Pacis, 13-9 B.C.