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Figures 12 shows the fracture types as proposed by Tomas and et al [2]. Conclusion The DEM simulation shows the similar cone type disturbed region as shown by FEM for the crack initiation. Depending upon the impact velocities the cracks are furthering inside along with meridian cracks and secondary cracks. The diameter of the contact region depends upon the impact velocities. Acknowlegdements The authors would like to thank German Research Foundation for the financial support. References [1] K. Seick, Entwicklung des Abfallaufkommens und er Abfallzusammensetzung im Land Sachsen-Anhalt, Seminar Siedlungsabfallwirtshaft, Universität Magdeburg, 1996. [2] J. Tomas, M. Schreier, T. Gröger, S. Ehlers, Impact crushing of concrete for liberation and recycling, Powder Technology 105(1999), 39-51 [3] L. Kiss, Vergleich der Prall- und Druckzerkleinerung eines zweikomponentigen, mineralischen Modellstoffes, Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe, 1979 [4] L. Kiss, K. Schnört, Aufschlußzerkleinerung eines zweikomponentigen modellstoffes unter einzelkornbeanspruchung durch druck-und prallbeanspruchung [Liberation of two component materail bz single particle compression and impact crushing]. Aufbereit.-Tech.30(5)(1980)223-230 [5] N. Arbiter, C. C. Harris, G. A. Stamboltzis, Single fracture of brittle spheres, Soc. Min. Eng. AIME, Trans. 244 (1969) 118-133. [6] B. Dora, H. Budelmann, Baustoffeigenschaften, Zwischenbericht des Sonderforschungsbereiches 385, Baustoffrecycling, Magdeburg, 1996, 251-281. [7] J. Tomas, M. Schreier, S. Ehlers, Aufschlusszerkleinerung von Beton, Proceedings of 7th Intern. Building Material Recycling Forum, Interlaken, 1996, 16-36. [8] H. Schubert, Zur Energieausnutzung bei Zerkleinerungsprozessen, Aufbereit. – Tech. 34 (10) (1993) 495-505. [9] K. D. Kafui, C. Thornton, Numerical simulations of impact breakage of a spherical crystalline agglomerate, Powder Technology 109 (2000) 113-132 [10] C. Thornton, M. T. Ciomocos, M. J. Adams, Numerical simulations of l i b k P d T h l 105 (1999) 74 82
agglomerate impact breakage, Powder Technology 105 (1999) 74-82. [11] C. Thornton, K. K. Yin, M. J Adams, Numerical simulations of impact fracture and fragmentation of agglomerates, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 (1996) 424-435 [12] B. K. Mishra, C. Thornton, Impact breakage of a particle agglomerates, Int. J. Miner. Process. 61 (2001) 225-239. [13] A. D. Salman, D. A. Gorham, A. Verba, A study of solid particle failure under normal and oblique impact, Wear 186-187 (1995) 92-98. [14] A. D. Salman, D. A. Gorham, The fracture of glass spheres, Powder Technology 107 (2000) 179-185. [15] R. Moreno, M. Gadhiri, S. J. Antony, Effect of impact angle onthe breakage of agglomerates: a numerical study using DEM, Powder Technology 130 (2003) 132-137. [16] Chandra S, Berntsson L., Interdependence of microstructure and strength of structural lighweight aggregate concrete. Cement and concrete composites, 1992 (14), 239-248 [17] Romstad KM, Taylor MA, Herrmann LR., Numerical biaxial characterization for concrete, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division ASCE 1974, 100 (5), 935- 948 [18] Manual of PFC2D, ITASCA
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