Women, Girls, Boys and men - HumanitarianInfo.org

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BASicS I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k SCHEmATIC dIAGrAm For GEndEr EquAlITy ProGrAmmInG t h e G o a l s t r at e G i e s & p r o G r a m m e s t h e B a s i s Gender mainstreaming T H e b A S I C S o n G e n d e R I n e m e R G e n C I e S the humAn rIghts oF women, gIrls, boys AnD men Are equAlly promoteD AnD protecteD AnD genDer equAlIty Is AchIeveD gender mainstreaming programmes to empower women and girls gender-based violence programming In 1997, the UN system adopted the strategy of gender mainstreaming as a means of attaining gender equality. It is shorthand for saying that the impact of all policies and programmes on women and men should be considered at every stage of the programme cycle — from planning to implementation and evaluation. In crisis situations, mainstreaming a gender focus from the outset: gender balance in humanitarian agencies targeted actions based on gender analysis human rights-based approach to programming sexual exploitation and abuse programming A gender analysis informs programme planning, implementation and evaluation • allows for a more accurate understanding of the situation; • enables us to meet the needs and priorities of the population in a more targeted manner, based on how women, girls, boys and men have been affected by the crisis; • ensures that all people affected by a crisis are acknowledged and that all their needs and vulnerabilities are taken into account; and • facilitates the design of more appropriate and effective responses.
targeted actions based on gender analysis A gender analysis should inform the deliverers of humanitarian protection and assistance of the specific needs of the individu- als or groups within the affected population requiring targeted action. In many cases these actions will be targeted to women and girls — but there are a number of situations where boys or men will be targeted for action, for example when boys are the target of recruitment for armed conflict or when boys are unable to feed themselves due to lack of cooking skills. Addressing the specific needs of women and girls may best be done in some circumstances by taking targeted action. In effect, women and girls may need different treatment in order to produce equality in outcomes — in other words, to level the playing field so that women can benefit from equal opportunities. This is the principle behind measures to provide special stipends to encour- programmes to empower women and girls Whatever strategy is employed to reach the goal of the equal enjoyment of human rights by women, girls, boys and men, the approach should eventually result in women’s and girls’ empowerment. “Empowerment” is an over-used word, the meaning of which remains unclear to many. In essence, “empowerment” implies a shift in the power relations that cause a particular social group to suffer low social status or systematic injustice. It also implies that the subordinated party has the resources and agency to claim rights and change oppressive circumstances. “Empowerment” is not something that can be given or delivered like emergency prActIcAl AnD strAtegIc neeDs I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k age families to send girls to school, for example, or to give special protection to women and girls from gender-based violence. Targeted actions should not stigmatize or isolate women and girls; they should compensate for the consequences of gender-based inequality such as the long-term deprivation of rights to education or health care. This is important as in many situations women and girls are more disadvantaged than men and boys, have been excluded from participating in public decision-making and have had limited access to services and support. Targeted actions should empower women and build their capacity to be equal partners with men in working towards resolving conflict, solving problems caused by displacement, helping with reconstruction and return, and building durable peace and security. Each sector should identify specific actions that could promote gender equality and support the capacity of women to enjoy their human rights. food supplies or shelter. It implies a social change strategy that involves the group in question. For example, in the case of women who have been disempowered through the uneven distribution of resources and rights between the sexes, the empowerment might involve efforts directed towards self-reliance and control over resources. For humanitarian actors who are often involved in urgent shortterm interventions, it is challenging to conceive of how to contribute to the long-term process of empowerment. However, there are many short-term interventions that can promote empowerment in the long term, and it is helpful to distinguish between the practical and strategic needs of women and girls to see how this is so. Women, girls, boys and men have immediate, “practical” survival needs particularly in humanitarian crises. they also have longer-term “strategic” needs linked to changing the circumstances of their lives and realizing their human rights. Practical needs of women may include needs associated with their roles as caretakers, needs for food, shelter, water and safety. Strategic needs, however, are needs for more control over their lives, needs for property rights, for political participation to help shape public decisions and for a safe space for women outside the household, for example women’s shelters offering protection from domestic violence. practical needs focus on the immediate condition of women and men. strategic needs concern their relative position in relation to each other; in effect strategic needs are about resolving gender-based inequalities. a girl’s practical need for an education can be addressed in a strategic way if that education includes a rights-based curriculum that expands her horizons and enables her to consider a life different from one that is predetermined by her gender. a woman’s practical need for health care can be addressed in a strategic way if it includes access to services giving her greater control over her reproductive decisions. in the context of radical changes in people’s lives, loss of livelihoods and changed social roles (when, for instance, women take sole charge of families), humanitarian interventions can either address people’s needs in ways that can confirm traditional gender roles or can contribute to greater gender equality by, wherever possible, addressing strategic needs for changes in gender relations. T H e b A S I C S o n G e n d e R I n e m e R G e n C I e S BASicS
Page 1 and 2: Women, Girls, Boys and men differen
Page 3 and 4: ForeworD When war breaks out or dis
Page 5 and 6: tAble oF contents Foreword ........
Page 7: Acronyms AIdS Acquired immune defic
Page 10 and 11: v Sect on B: Areas of Work This sec
Page 13: WHAT IS GEndEr? The term gender ref
Page 17 and 18: Moreover, a balanced team is often
Page 19 and 20: the mAIn messAge Gender analysis al
Page 21 and 22: FrAmEWork For GEndEr EquAlITy ProGr
Page 23 and 24: I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k
Page 25 and 26: CHECklIST To ASSESS GEndEr EquAlITy
Page 27 and 28: Protection encompasses all activiti
Page 29 and 30: • the right to an adequate standa
Page 31 and 32: diers, making the case that demobil
Page 33 and 34: of forced prostitution or sexual ex
Page 35 and 36: • ensuring that policies and prog
Page 37 and 38: possIble protectIon ActIvItIes 1. R
Page 39 and 40: Coordination is essential to effect
Page 41 and 42: ox 1: terms oF reFerence For A genD
Page 43 and 44: The aim of humanitarian action is t
Page 45 and 46: seekIng out voIces: unhcr’s pArtI
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Page 49: I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k
Page 53 and 54: mainstreaming gender perspectives i
Page 55 and 56: I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k
Page 57 and 58: capac ty bu ld ng • Train equal n
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Page 61 and 62: Crises have serious and different i
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• Include gender equality and gen
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ESourCES I A s c g e n D e r h A n
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In the aftermath of disasters, affe
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What are the pol t cal factors and
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design I A s c g e n D e r h A n D
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In an emergency, the focus is on pr
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• Determine factors that might hi
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Targeted actions based on gender an
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Emergencies are often characterized
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What s the food and food secur ty a
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Targeted actions based on gender an
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hEALTh I A s c g e n D e r h A n D
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hEALTh 0 I A s c g e n D e r h A n
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hEALTh I A s c g e n D e r h A n D
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LiVELihOODS I A s c g e n D e r h A
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nFis 0 I A s c g e n D e r h A n D
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nFis I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b
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REGiSTRATiOn I A s c g e n D e r h
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REGiSTRATiOn I A s c g e n D e r h
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ShELTER I A s c g e n D e r h A n D
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ShELTER 00 I A s c g e n D e r h A
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