Women, Girls, Boys and men - HumanitarianInfo.org

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ShELTER 0 I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k STAndArdS For EmErGEnCy SHElTEr (Emergency Shelter Cluster - IASC) InDIcAtors G e n d e R A n d S H e lT e R I n e m e R G e n C I e S stAnDArDs average camp area per person ≥ 45 sq metres 1 average floor area of shelter per person in camps percentage of households with “adequate” dwellings unhcr sphere ≥ 3.5 sq metres in warm climates (cooking will take place outside) 2 ≥ 4.5 sq metres in cold climates (this figure includes area for in-house services such as bathing facilities or toilets, depending on socio-cultural habits) 100% 3 1. it is necessary to ensure there is sufficient overall camp space per person. this includes having sufficient space for all services (water, sanitation, etc.) while providing enough space for dignified living. - the recommended standard for surface area in a refugee camp is 45 square metres per person, including kitchen gardening space. the minimum standard is at least 30 square metres per person, excluding kitchen gardening space. - in a camp situation, it may be a disadvantage to have areas greatly in excess of 45 square metres per person as this will mean increased distances to services such as water, basic health unit, education, etc. 2. in addition to provision of physical protection against the elements, it is also necessary to provide sufficient floor space per person for dignified living. - to avoid sexual and gender-based violence (sGBV), dwellings should allow for partitioning within the shelter to facilitate privacy. also if entrance to shelters is opened to a common area (open space/area) to allow for visibility, it would be an added value for safety, as blind spots are avoided. 3. Because of variations in climate, local building customs and cultural values or concerns, universally “adequate” shelters are difficult to define. however, adequacy may be assessed by bearing in mind the following factors. an ideal shelter should: • provide a covered area that provides dignified living space with a degree of privacy; • have sufficient thermal comfort with ventilation for air circulation; • provide protection from the elements and natural hazards; • ensure that inhabitants, especially women or groups with specific needs, are not disadvantaged by poor accommodation design; shelter design is in line with customs, cultural values or concerns; • ensure that physical safety is a prime concern during planning and construction.
Water is essential for life and health. In emergencies, when adequate and appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene are not available, major health hazards can result. The provision of adequate and accessible water, sanitation and hygiene therefore demands immediate attention from the onset of an emergency. However, simply providing water and sanitation facilities will not by itself guarantee their optimal use or impact on public health. Understanding gender, culture and social relations is absolutely essential in assessing, designing and implementing an appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene programme that is effective and safe and restores the dignity of the affected population. Women are disproportionately affected by emergencies, in part because of existing gender inequalities. It is important to involve all members of the community, particularly women and girls, at all stages of emergency management programmes as they bring valuable perspectives, capabilities and contributions to the emergency response. Gender balance and active involvement of women and men in decision-making in the provision of safe and appropriate water, sanitation and hygiene programming is crucial to adapt to the specific needs and include the knowledge of the entire community. In many cultures, the responsibility for collecting water falls to women and children, especially girls. We must recognize this central role of women in managing water, sanitation and hygiene. Water points and sanitary facilities should be as close as possible to shelters to reduce collection and waiting time and the risk of violence to women and children. Understanding the special needs of women and girls for sanitary facilities is essential in the selection and design of sanitation facilities and programmes, which are important aspects of promoting dignity. Effectiveness in reducing public health risks: Women are key actors in influencing the public health of the house- hold. They are also a huge source of (often untapped) knowledge regarding the community and culture. Inappropriately designed programmes where key stakeholders, such as women and children, have not been involved can result in facilities not being used, or used incorrectly, putting whole communities at risk of epidemic disease outbreaks. the rIght to wAter ? Have you read section A genDer AnD wAter, sAnItAtIon AnD hygIene In emergencIes • iCesCr recognizes the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living, including the right to water. the right to water is also inextricably linked to the right to the highest attainable standard of health (art. 12) and the rights to adequate housing and food (art. 11). • article 14 of CedaW stipulates that states parties shall ensure to women the right to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to water supply. the CrC requires states parties to combat disease and malnutrition through the provision of adequate nutritious foods and clean drinking water. • in its General Comment no. 15, the un Committee on economic, social and Cultural rights specified the human right to water so as to entitle everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses. • the Geneva Conventions guarantee this right in situations of armed conflict. • ensuring that everyone has access to adequate sanitation is not only fundamental for human dignity and privacy, but is one of the principal mechanisms for protecting the quality of drinking water supplies and resources. Reinforcing and reducing inequality: Water, sanitation and hygiene programming has the potential to give a voice to members of communities who often don’t have a say. This increased participation of different members G e n d e R A n d w AT e R , S A n I T AT I o n A n d H y G I e n e I n e m e R G e n C I e S 0 WASh
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Women, Girls, Boys and men differen
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ForeworD When war breaks out or dis
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tAble oF contents Foreword ........
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Acronyms AIdS Acquired immune defic
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v Sect on B: Areas of Work This sec
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WHAT IS GEndEr? The term gender ref
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targeted actions based on gender an
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Moreover, a balanced team is often
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the mAIn messAge Gender analysis al
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FrAmEWork For GEndEr EquAlITy ProGr
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I A s c g e n D e r h A n D b o o k
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CHECklIST To ASSESS GEndEr EquAlITy
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Protection encompasses all activiti
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• the right to an adequate standa
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diers, making the case that demobil
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of forced prostitution or sexual ex
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• ensuring that policies and prog
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possIble protectIon ActIvItIes 1. R
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Coordination is essential to effect
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ox 1: terms oF reFerence For A genD
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The aim of humanitarian action is t
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seekIng out voIces: unhcr’s pArtI
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ship and sustainability of well-bei
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mainstreaming gender perspectives i
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capac ty bu ld ng • Train equal n
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Actions to address GbV I A s c g e
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Crises have serious and different i
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• Number of girls and boys separa
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