Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

248 • TRIPLE INTERVENTION
drawing the Soviet Union into the fold was never anything more than
a dream. See also SOVIET–JAPANESE NEUTRALITY TREATY.
TRIPLE INTERVENTION. Soon after Japan and China signed the
Shimonoseki Treaty ending the Sino–Japanese War of 1894–1895,
Russia, France, and Germany demanded that Japan restore the Liaotung
Peninsula to Chinese sovereignty. Russia, which wanted the
Liaotung Peninsula for its own railway and imperial interests, led the
Triple Intervention challenge. Appealing in vain for American and
British support, Japan reluctantly handed the Liaotung Peninsula
back to China, which soon turned over its administration to Russia.
The humiliating Triple Intervention of 1895 was a major reason
Japan fought—and won—the Russo–Japan War of 1904–1905.
TSUDA, UMEKO (1865–1929). Daughter of progressive scholar Sen
Tsuda, Umeko Tsuda was one of five Japanese girls chosen to accompany
the Iwakura Mission in 1871 and live in the United States.
She lived with the family of Charles and Adeline Lanman, and attended
school in the Washington, D.C., area until returning to Japan
in 1882. In 1889, she entered Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania,
majored in biology, and graduated in 1892. Tsuda was the third
Japanese woman to attend an American college, and the second to
graduate. After teaching at the elite Peeress’s School in Tokyo for
several years, Tsuda established her own college in Tokyo in 1900,
the Girls English School. Despite the name, the Girls English School
adopted a “whole education” program for Japanese women and later
changed its name to Tsuda College. Because of significant interest of
young Japanese women in obtaining higher education, the college
grew to include undergraduate and graduate programs in the many of
the arts and sciences, and celebrated its centennial anniversary in
2000. Tsuda College is the best-known women’s college in Japan,
and Umeko Tsuda was the foremost promoter of women’s education
in the late 19th and early 20th century. See also JAPANESE STU-
DENTS IN AMERICA.
TWENTY-ONE DEMANDS, 1915. Japanese Foreign Minister
Takaaki Katō in January 1915 handed the so-called Twenty-One Demands
to Chinese President Yuan Shih-kai. A brash attempt to bring