Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

SHANGHAI COMMUNIQUÉ • 225
1871, Satsuma domain was formally incorporated into the new prefectural
system as Kagoshima Prefecture. In addition to its historical
and political legacy, Satsuma/Kagoshima is well known for its ceramics
and unique spoken dialect. See also MEIJI RESTORATION;
OKUBO, TOSHIMICHI.
SCHNELL, JOHN HENRY. See WAKAMATSU COLONY.
SCIOTO. Under command of Captain William Reagan through an
arrangement by American businessman Eugene Van Reed, the ship
Scioto sailed from Yokohama on 17 May 1868 with 150 Japanese laborers
aboard. On 19 June 1868, it arrived in Honolulu with a group
of Japanese laborers known as Gannenmono. This was the first
group of Japanese laborers in Hawaii, many of whom would remain
on the islands for the rest of their lives, becoming the ancestors of
Hawaii’s substantial Japanese ethnic population. See also IMMI-
GRATION.
SELF-DEFENSE FORCES LAW. The Self-Defense Forces Law,
which became effective on 9 June 1954, stipulates the assignments of
the Self-Defense Forces (SDF), the organization and alignment of the
SDF’s military units, the permissible behaviors and authorities of the
SDF, the status and classes of SDF members, and other things related
to the SDF. Article seven clearly claims that the prime minister has
supreme command and the regulatory authority to ensure the civilian
control of the SDF. See also DEFENSE.
SHANGHAI COMMUNIQUÉ. This Sino–U.S. joint communiqué
was announced on 28 February 1972 when President Richard Nixon
visited the People’s Republic of China (PRC). At the beginning of the
1970s, the Soviet Union’s foreign policy became increasingly expansionist.
President Nixon, who had been elected in 1969, reviewed
U.S. policy toward the PRC and attempted to establish formal diplomatic
relations. Henry Kissinger, Nixon’s national security adviser,
made two secret trips to the PRC in July and October 1971. He conferred
with Premier Zhou Enlai, then in charge of Chinese foreign
policy under Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong, and prepared
an amicable agreement between the two countries. On 15 July 1971,