Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

the outbreak of the Korean War and the U.S. policy of containment
against the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union, the
United States embarked on an effort to remilitarize Japan. On 8 September
1951, the United States and Japan concluded the U.S.–Japan
Security Treaty, which permitted U.S. forces to be stationed on
Japanese soil.
The MSAs comprised four agreements: the Mutual Defense Assistance
Agreement, the Surplus Agricultural Products Purchase Agreement,
the Economic Measures Agreement, and the Investment Guarantee
Agreement. The primary purpose of the MSAs was for the
United States to give assistance to Japan in order to strengthen Japanese
military power based on the Mutual Security Act enacted in the
United States on 8 October 1951. The Shigeru Yoshida Cabinet was
interested in this program and official MSA negotiations began in
July 1953. Discussions continued at the Ikeda–Robertson Talks in
October 1953, and the MSAs were finalized in March 1954 and
promulgated on 1 May 1954. Prior to the Agreements, Japan only had
ground forces, but the agreements prompted Japan to enact two important
defense-related laws: the Defense Agency Act and the Self-
Defense Forces Law. Because of these laws, Japan upgraded its Security
Agency into the Defense Agency and turned the Police Reserve
Force and Police Guard into the Japan Self-Defense Forces consisting
of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force in July 1954.
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NAGASAWA, KANAYE • 185
NAGAI, SHIGEKO (ALSO KNOWN AS BARONESS URIU; 1861–
1928). One of five Japanese girls chosen to accompany the Iwakura
Mission to the United States and Europe in 1871. She later studied
music at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, from 1878 to
1881. Nagai and Sutematsu Yamakawa, who also attended Vassar
College, were the first Japanese women to study at an American college.
See also BACON, ALICE MABEL; JAPANESE STUDENTS
IN AMERICA; TSUDA, UMEKO.
NAGASAWA, KANAYE (1852–1932). A young samurai from Satsuma
domain sent to England to study the West in 1865, Nagasawa