Historical Dictionary of United States-Japan ... - Bakumatsu Films

152 • KANAGAWA TREATY
Kaisei Gakko, it formed part of the original University of Tokyo
founded in 1877.
KANAGAWA TREATY (1854). Formally known as the U.S.–Japan
Treaty of Friendship, this treaty was negotiated and signed by U.S.
Commodore Matthew Perry and Tokugawa shogunate officials in
March 1854. The three major agreements in the treaty are: better
treatment for shipwrecked sailors; allowing purchase of coal, wood,
fresh water, and other provisions by American ships at the ports of
Shimoda and Hakodate; and allowing an American diplomat at Shimoda.
This was the first formal treaty between Japan and a Western
government. See also ANSEI TREATIES; HARRIS, TOWNSEND.
KANEKO, KENTARO (1853–1942). Early Japanese overseas student
who studied at Harvard University from 1872 to 1878, where he became
friends with fellow student Theodore Roosevelt. Kaneko was
a close associate of Hirobumi Ito, and held a number of positions in
the Meiji government, including serving as Japan’s Ambassador to
the United States during the Russo–Japan War, which occurred during
President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration. See also JAPA-
NESE STUDENTS IN AMERICA.
KATAYAMA, SEN (1860–1933). Influential labor leader, socialist, and
Christian, Katayama studied in the United States from 1884 to 1894,
mostly at Yale University, before returning to Japan and founding the
first labor newspaper (published in both Japanese and English). He
helped establish the original Japan Socialist Party in 1906. In 1914, he
returned to the United States and settled in California. By the time of
the Russian Revolution in 1917, Katayama had become a communist
and moved to Moscow in 1922, where he died 11 years later. See also
JAPANESE STUDENTS IN AMERICA.
KATŌ, KANJI (1870–1939). Admiral Kanji Katō was a hawkish figure—and
an important one at that—in the Imperial Japanese Navy
throughout the Taishō and Shōwa periods. Impulsive and hot-headed,
he was widely popular with younger officers within the service. Unfortunately,
Katō prioritized cultivating and maintaining that popularity
over and above cold calculations of national interest.